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Oxford Insight Science 8

Jenny Zhang, Diane Alford, Samantha Hopley, Craig Tilley

Chapter 6

The Changing Earth - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Fill in the gaps using the words in the Word Bank below:
The Earth is made of three layers: the crust, the ________ and the _______. The rocky outer shell of the Earth, which is divided up into tectonic plates, is known as the
____________. Magma and lava cool to form ________ rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed when __________ are compacted together over a long period of time. __________ rocks are formed when other types of rocks are changed by incredible heat and _______ inside the Earth. ___________ and movement of tectonic plates are the main forces that drive the rock _______. Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks are made of ________. Minerals can be classified according to their _________, which include
lustre, hardness and ________. ________ are the remains of animals or plants preserved in rock. Fossils can only form under specific _______. Geologists can date rocks by studying _______ of sediment in rocks.
$$
\begin{array}{llll}
\text { conditions } & \text { erosion } & \text { mantle } & \text { properties } \\
\text { core } & \text { fossils } & \text { metamorphic } & \text { sediments } \\
\text { crust } & \text { igneous } & \text { minerals } & \text { streak } \\
\text { cycle } & \text { layers } & \text { pressure } &
\end{array}
$$

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04:15

Problem 2

Describe the Earth's crust.

Devin Lea
Devin Lea
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 3

Recall the layers of the Earth in order from the centre outwards.

Dale Sanford
Dale Sanford
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03:48

Problem 4

Describe the characteristics and features of the lithosphere.

Devin Lea
Devin Lea
Numerade Educator
08:42

Problem 5

The Great Sphinx of Giza Isee Figure 6.57) was carved in a limestone quarry in Egypt that was formed at the bottom of the sea 50 million years ago. Shells can be found around the embankment and there was once a sandbar and a coral reef here.
a Identify the process you think would have formed the limestone.
b Explain what has happened to the Great Sphinx of Giza over time.

Sam Low
Sam Low
Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Describe how the processes of weathering, erosion and deposition are linked.

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Problem 7

Apply your knowledge of weathering, erosion and deposition to describe how Uluru might have formed.

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01:27

Problem 8

Explain why sedimentary rocks form at the Earth's surface.

Nicholas L'Heureux
Nicholas L'Heureux
Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Recall the processes that can cause metamorphic rocks to change.

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Problem 10

Identify if intrusive igneous rocks:
a are rapidly cooled or slowly cooled
b contain large crystals or small crystals
c form on the Earth's surface or beneath the Earth's surface

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01:54

Problem 11

Intrusive igneous rocks are formed deep underground. Explain how they reach the Earth's surface.

Devin Lea
Devin Lea
Numerade Educator
01:28

Problem 12

Recall which two rock types are formed by force and pressure.

Nicholas L'Heureux
Nicholas L'Heureux
Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Identify what rocks are made of.

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03:27

Problem 14

Recall the shape in which minerals are found.

Nicholas L'Heureux
Nicholas L'Heureux
Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Recall the name of a sedimentary rock formed from smaller rocks that have been cemented together.

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03:55

Problem 16

Identify the hardness value of a substance that is scratched by feldspar (hardness of 6) but not by quartz (hardness of 7).

Shazia Naz
Shazia Naz
Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Explain what is meant by the term 'fossil'.

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02:28

Problem 18

Explain why marine plants and animals are more commonly found as fossils than those that lived on land.

Billy Huggins
Billy Huggins
Numerade Educator
02:04

Problem 19

A fossil has been dated as 360 million years old. Outline a chain of events that may have led to this fossil being formed, discovered and dated.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
04:16

Problem 20

Recall where the oldest sediments are found when layers of sand or mud are deposited.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
00:40

Problem 21

One rock has a fossil of a trilobite and another rock has a fossil of an early mammal. Based on this information alone, identify which rock is older.

Hunza Gilgit
Hunza Gilgit
Numerade Educator
01:36

Problem 22

Explain the process of radioactive dating.

Ajay Singhal
Ajay Singhal
Numerade Educator
00:30

Problem 23

Explain the process of comparative (or relative) dating.

Amrita Bhasin
Amrita Bhasin
Numerade Educator

Problem 24

There are many branches of geology. Recall the names of three specialist geologists that you have read about in this chapter.

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03:37

Problem 25

Identify two areas of science that a geotechnical engineer would have studied.

Shahina -
Shahina -
Numerade Educator
00:21

Problem 26

Identify the type of scientist that would assess and manage the effects of human activity on the natural and built environment.

Lottie Adams
Lottie Adams
Numerade Educator