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Human Anatomy & Physiology

Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn

Chapter 23

the Digestive System - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

00:51

Problem 1

The peritoneal cavity (a) is the same thing as the abdominopelvic cavity, (b) is filled with air, (c) like the pleural and pericardial cavities is a potential space containing serous fluid, (d) contains the pancreas and all of the duodenum.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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02:21

Problem 2

Obstruction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter impairs digestion by reducing the availability of (a) bile and HCl, (b) HCl and intestinal juice, (c) pancreatic juice and intestinal juice,
(d) pancreatic juice and bile.

Eric Goldman
Eric Goldman
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00:19

Problem 3

The lamina propria forms part of the (a) muscularis externa,
(b) submucosa, (c) serosa, (d) mucosa.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:22

Problem 4

Carbohydrates are acted on by (a) peptidases, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, (b) amylase, maltase, and sucrase, (c) lipases, (d) peptidases, lipases, and galactase.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:24

Problem 5

The parasympathetic nervous system influences digestion by
(a) relaxing smooth muscle, (b) stimulating peristalsis and secretory activity, (c) constricting sphincters, (d) none of these.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:47

Problem 6

The digestive juice product containing enzymes capable of digesting all four major foodstuff categories is (a) pancreatic, (b) gastric, (c) salivary, (d) biliary.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:19

Problem 7

The site of production of cholecystokinin is (a) the stomach,
(b) the small intestine, (c) the pancreas, (d) the large intestine.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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02:51

Problem 8

Which of the following is not characteristic of the colon? (a) It is divided into ascending, transverse, and descending portions;
(b) it contains abundant bacteria, some of which synthesize certain vitamins; (c) it is the main absorptive site; (d) it absorbs much of the water and salts remaining in the wastes.

Eric Goldman
Eric Goldman
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00:21

Problem 9

The gallbladder (a) produces bile, (b) is attached to the pancreas, (c) stores and concentrates bile, (d) produces secretin.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:31

Problem 10

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is (a) the pyloric sphincter, (b) the gastroesophageal sphincter, (c) the hepatopancreatic sphincter, (d) the ileocecal valve.

Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:27

Problem 11

Name the six functional activities of the digestive system.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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01:58

Problem 12

(a) What is the normal number of permanent teeth? Of deciduous teeth? (b) What substance covers the tooth crown? Its root? (c) What substance makes up the bulk of a tooth?
(d) What and where is pulp?

LA
Lillian Asherman
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00:40

Problem 13

Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream, and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen? (a) Compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCI decrease when the food reaches the duodenum; (b) gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing); (c) fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile; (d) all of these.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:32

Problem 14

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.
The protein molecule will be digested by enzymes made by
(a) the mouth, stomach, and colon, (b) the stomach, liver, and small intestine, (c) the small intestine, mouth, and liver, (d) the pancreas, stomach, and small intestine.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:30

Problem 15

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.
The protein molecule must be digested before it can be transported to and utilized by the cells because (a) protein is only useful directly, (b) protein has a low $\mathrm{pH}$, (c) proteins in the circulating blood produce an adverse osmotic pressure, (d) the protein is too large to be readily absorbed.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:23

Problem 16

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.
The products of protein digestion enter the bloodstream largely through cells lining (a) the stomach, (b) the small intestine,
(c) the large intestine, (d) the bile duct.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:28

Problem 17

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.
Before the blood carrying the products of protein digestion reaches the heart, it first passes through capillary networks in
(a) the spleen, (b) the lungs, (c) the liver, (d) the brain.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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07:12

Problem 18

Make a simple line drawing of the organs of the alimentary canal and label each organ. Then add three labels to your drawing - salivary glands, liver, and pancreas- - and use arrows to show where each of these organs empties its secretions into the alimentary canal.

Leah Lampen
Leah Lampen
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00:52

Problem 19

Lara was on a diet but she could not eat less and kept claiming her stomach had a mind of its own. She was joking, but indeed, there is a "gut brain" called the enteric nervous system. Is it part of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system? Explain.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:43

Problem 20

(a) Describe the boundaries of the oral cavity. (b) Why do you suppose its mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium rather than the more typical simple columnar epithelium?

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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01:01

Problem 21

Describe the two phases of swallowing, noting the organs involved and the activities that occur.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:40

Problem 22

Describe the role of these cells found in gastric glands: parietal, chief, mucous neck, and enteroendocrine.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:32

Problem 23

Describe the regulation of the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases of gastric secretion.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:36

Problem 24

(a) What is the relationship between the cystic, common hepatic, bile, and pancreatic ducts? (b) What is the point of fusion of the bile and pancreatic ducts called?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:25

Problem 25

Explain why fatty stools result from the absence of bile or pancreatic juice.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:23

Problem 26

Indicate the function of the stellate macrophages and the hepatocytes of the liver.

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Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:27

Problem 27

Explain why activation of pancreatic enzymes is delayed until they reach the small intestine.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:51

Problem 28

After a heavy meal rich with fried foods, Debby Collins, an overweight 45 -year-old woman, was rushed to the emergency room with severe spasmodic pains in her epigastric region that radiated to the right side of her rib cage. She indicated that the attack came on suddenly, and her abdomen was found to be tender to the touch and somewhat rigid. What do you think is this patient's problem and why is her pain discontinuous (colicky)? What are the treatment options and what might happen if the problem is not resolved?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:39

Problem 29

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of diarrhea and watery feces occurring over the last three days. The baby has sunken fontanelles, indicating extreme dehydration. Tests indicate that the baby has a bacterium-induced colitis, and antibiotics are prescribed. Because of the baby's loss of intestinal juices, do you think that his blood pH would indicate acidosis or alkalosis? Explain your reasoning.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:47

Problem 30

Troy Francis, a middle-aged salesman, complains of a burning pain in the "pit of his stomach," usually beginning about two hours after eating and abating after drinking a glass of milk. When asked to indicate the site, he points to his epigastric region. The GI tract is examined by X-ray fluoroscopy. A gastric ulcer is visualized, and drug therapy using a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics is recommended. (a) Why is this treatment suggested?
(b) What are the possible consequences of non treatment?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:30

Problem 31

Dr. Dolan used an endoscope to view Mr. Habib's colon. He noted the presence of several polyps and removed them during the same procedure. What is an endoscope? Why did Dr. Dolan opt to remove the polyps immediately? (Hint: See $A$ Closer Look on pp. $144-145 .$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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00:27

Problem 32

Mr. Holden has had severe diarrhea all day and is severely weakened. Explain why his nurse is concerned about his present condition.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
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