Chapter Questions
Compare the general functions of the endocrine system with those of the nervous system.
Explain what is meant by a ductless gland.
Define hormone and target tissue.
Explain how hormones can be grouped on the basis of their chemical structures.
Explain how steroid hormones exert their influence.
Explain how nonsteroid hormones may function through the formation of cyclic AMP.
Define prostaglandins.
Describe a negative feedback system.
Define releasing factor and provide an example of such a substance.
Describe the location and structure of the pituitary gland
List the hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
List the hormones released from nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Explain how pituitary gland activity is controlled by the brain.
Explain how growth hormone produces its effects.
List the major factors that affect the secretion of growth hormone.
Explain the causes of pituitary dwarfism and gigantism.
Summarize the functions of prolactin.
Describe the mechanism that regulates the levels of circulating thyroid hormones.
Explain how the secretion of ACTH is controlled.
List the major gonadotropins and explain the general functions of each.
Compare the cellular structures of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland.
Describe the functions of the posterior pituitary hormones
Explain how the release of $A D H$ is regulated.
Describe the location and structure of the thyroid gland.
Name the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland and list the general functions of each.
Define iodine pump.
Distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothytoidism and describe the consequences of each.
Review four laboratory methods used to measure the level of thyroid gland activity.
Distinguish between cretinism and myxedema.
Distinguish between toxic goiter and endemic goiter.
Describe the location and structure of the parathyroid glands.
Explain the general functions of parathyroid hormone.
Describe the mechanism that regulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Compare the effects of hyperparathyroidism with those of hypoparathyroidism.
Distinguish between the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.
List the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla and describe their general functions.
Explain how the hormones of the adrenal cortex can be grouped and describe the general functions of each group.
Describe how the pituitary gland controls the secretion of adrenal cortical hormones.
Distinguish between Addison's disease and Cushing's disease.
Describe the location and structure of the pancreas.
List the hormones secreted by the pancreas and describe the general functions of each
Explain how the secretion of hormones from the pancreas is regulated.
Explain why diabetics tend to develop atherosclerosis.
Define insulin shock.
Describe the location and general function of the pineal gland.
Describe the location and general function of the thymus gland.
Distinguish between a stressor and stress.
List several factors that cause physical and psychological stress.
Describe the general stress syndrome
Review the clinical implications of stress.