Biology 2015

Receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPS, are found in all but which type of organism?
a. amoebas
b. fruit flies
c. humans
d. plants

Which of these are examples of pathogen-associated molecular patterns?
a. bacterial cell wall components
b. double-stranded viral RNA
c. fungal cell wall components
d. All of these are correct.

True adaptive immunity, involving the production of a large number of diverse antigen receptors, first evolved in
a. amphibians.
b. invertebrates.
c. jawed vertebrates.
d. mammals.

Like veins, lymphatic vessels
a. have thick walls of smooth muscle.
b. contain valves for a one-way flow of fluids.
c. empty directly into the heart.
d. receive fluids directly from capillaries.

Which of these is a primary lymphoid organ?
a. lymph nodes
b. spleen
c. thymus
d. tonsils

B cells mature within
a. the lymph nodes.
b. the spleen.
c. the thymus.
d. the bone marrow.

The organ that contains red pulp, which filters the blood, and white pulp, where lymphocytes respond to antigens in the blood, is the
a. bone marrow.
b. lymph node.
c. spleen.
d. thymus.

Which of the following is an innate defense against pathogens?
$$\begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. skin }} & {\text { d. interferons }} \\ {\text { b. gastric juice }} & {\text { e. All of these are correct. }} \\ {\text { c. complement }}\end{array}$$

Which cell is not a phagocyte?
$$
\begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. neutrophil }} & {\text { c. dendritic cell }} \\ {\text { b. lymphocyte }} & {\text { d. macrophage }}\end{array}
$$

Natural killer cells
a. are known for attacking large parasites, such as tapeworms.
b. engulf pathogens and present antigens to T cells.
c. recognize the absence of MHC-I molecules on a cell surface.
d. produce antibodies

Complement
a. is an innate defense mechanism.
b. is involved in the inflammatory response.
c. is a series of proteins present in the plasma.
d. plays a role in destroying bacteria.
e. All of these are correct.

The clonal selection theory says that
a. an antigen selects certain B cells and suppresses them.
b. an antigen stimulates the multiplication of B cells that produce antibodies against it.
c. T cells select those B cells that should produce antibodies, regardless of the antigens present.
d. T cells suppress all B cells except the ones that should multiply and divide.
e. Both b and c are correct

Plasma cells are
a. the same as memory cells.
b. formed from blood plasma.
c. B cells that are actively secreting antibody.
d. inactive T cells carried in the plasma

For questions 14–17, note the antibody class described (IgA, IgE, IgG, or IgM).
The major class of antibody found in the blood

For questions 14–17, note the antibody class described (IgA, IgE, IgG, or IgM).
The first class of antibodies produced

For questions 14–17, note the antibody class described (IgA, IgE, IgG, or IgM).
The major class secreted in milk, tears, and saliva

For questions 14–17, note the antibody class described (IgA, IgE, IgG, or IgM).
The class that is mostly bound to eosinophils and mast cells

Which of these statements pertain(s) to T cells?
a. They have specific receptors.
b. They recognize antigen presented by MHC proteins.
c. They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
d. They stimulate antibody production by B cells.
e. All of these are correct

Active immunity can be produced by
a. having a disease.
b. receiving a vaccine.
c. receiving gamma globulin injections.
d. Both a and b are correct.
e. Both b and c are correct

A child with severe combined immunodeficiency will have low or absent amounts of
a. antibodies.
b. $B$ cells.
c. cell-mediated immunity.
d. T cells.
e. All of these are correct.

Immediate hypersensitivity occurs after an allergen combines with
a. IgG antibodies.
b. IgE antibodies.
c. lgM antibodies.
d. IgA antibodies.

A positive skin test for tuberculosis is mediated mainly by
a. histamine.
b. IgE antibodies.
c. memory T cells.
d. neutrophils.

Which condition is not an autoimmune disease?
a. multiple sclerosis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. systemic lupuserythematosis
d. transplant rejection