Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues

Michael D. Johnson

Chapter 11

The Nervous System: Integration and Control - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential?
a. Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold.
b. Action potentials reverse the membrane potential so that the interior is negatively charged and the exterior is positively charged.
c. A stronger action potential will travel faster than a weaker action potential.
d. Action potentials are more likely to result when the membrane is hyperpolarized.

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Which of the following influence(s) the speed of an action potential?
a. the presence of a myelin sheath
b. the extent of depolarization that initiates the action potential
c. the diameter of the axon
d. both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following cell types responds to light and pressure in the nervous system?
a. sensory neurons
b. motor neurons
c. neuroglial cells
d. interneurons

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?
a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.
b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.
c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.
d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous system.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission except
a. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane
b. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane
c. $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$
d. neurotransmitters

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

An __________ neurotransmitter causes ____________ of the postsynaptic membrane.
a. inhibitory $\ldots$ depolarization
b. excitatory $\ldots$ depolarization
c. inhibitory $\ldots$ hyperpolarization
d. Both (b) and (c) are correct.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via ____________ while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via __________.
a. motor neurons . . sensory neurons
b. neuroglial cells ... motor neurons
C. sensory neurons ... motor neurons
d. sensory neurons ... interneurons

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

The peripheral nervous system that transfers signal to the brain is the:
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. sensory nervous system
d. central nervous system

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

A spinal reflex requires the participation of each of the following except:
a. cerebral cortex
b. sensory neuron
c. interneuron
d. motor neuron

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following would cause an acceleration of heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and a slowing of digestive processes?
a. motor division of the somatic nervous system
b. sensory branch of the central nervous system
c. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
d. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure?
a. cerebral cortex
b. medulla oblongata
c. cerebellum
d. thalamus

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

In humans, functions like language, decision making, and conscious thought are governed by the:
a. thalamus
b. cerebral cortex
c. cerebellum
d. cerebrum

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

All of the following are associated with control of automatic functions except:
a. limbic system
b. cerebral cortex
c. hindbrain
d. medulla oblongata

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs?
a. They do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
b. They alter levels of neurotransmitters.
c. They can alter the amplitude of action potentials.
d. They alter the speed with which action potentials travel.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Which of the following statements regarding infections of the nervous system is inaccurate?
a. Encephalitis is caused by bacteria.
b. Rabies viruses need direct contact between host and humans.
c. Bacterial meningitis can be treated with antibiotics.
d. The blood-brain barrier is not effective at preventing microorganisms from entering the central nervous system.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator