Chapter Questions
Describe the general functions of the respiratory system.
Explain how the nose and nasal cavity function in filtering incoming air.
Name and describe the locations of the major sinuses, and explain how a sinus headache may occur.
Distinguish between the pharynx and the larynx.
Name and describe the locations and functions of the cartilages of the larynx.
Distinguish between the false vocal cords and the true vocal cords.
Compare the structure of the trachea and the branches of the bronchial tree.
Distinguish between visceral pleura and parietal pleura.
Name and describe the locations of the lobes of the lungs.
Explain how normal inspiration and forced inspiration are accomplished.
Define surface tension and explain how it aids the breathing mechanism.
Define surfactant and explain its function.
Explain how normal expiration and forced expiration are accomplished.
Distinguish between vital capacity and total lung capacity.
Compare the mechanisms of coughing and sneezing and explain the function of each.
Explain the function of yawning.
Discuss how poliomyelitis may result in paralysis of breathing muscles.
Describe the cause of bronchial asthma and explain its effect upon breathing
Define emphysema and explain how it affects breathing.
Describe the location of the respiratory center and explain how it functions in the control of breathing.
Describe the inflation and deflation reflexes.
Explain why increasing blood levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions have similar effects upon the respiratory center.
Discuss the effects of emotions on breathing.
Define hyperventiation and explain how it affects the respiratory center.
Discuss the mechanism that affects the breathing rate during physical exercise.
Define respiratory membrane and explain its function.
Explain the relationship between the partial pressure of a gas and its rate of diffusion.
Summarize the gas exchanges that occur through the respiratory membrane.
Compare the respiratory effects of pneumonia and tuberculosis.
Define atelectasis and explain its possible causes.
Describe how oxygen is transported in blood.
Explain why carbon monoxide is toxic.
List three ways that carbon dioxide can be transported in blood
Explain the function of carbonic anhydrase.
Define chloride shift
Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Explain the major steps in the citric acid cycle
Explain how oxygen is utilized during cellular respiration.