Physics of Everyday Phenomena

Thomas W. Griffith, Juliet Brosing

Chapter 18 The Structure of the Atom - all with Video Answers

Educators

Section 1

Conceptual Questions

01:03

Problem 1

If sulfur (S), with an atomic weight of 32 , combines with fluorine (F), with an atomic weight of 19 , to form the compound $\mathrm{SF}_{6}$, what is the ratio of the mass of sulfur to fluorine that you would expect to react completely in this transformation?

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

01:32

Problem 1

Is a chemical element the same as a chemical compound? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:52

Problem 1

If sulfur (S), with an atomic weight of 32, combines with fluorine (F),
with an atomic weight of 19, to form the compound SF6
, what is the
ratio of the mass of sulfur to fluorine that you would expect to react
completely in this transformation?

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

04:48

Problem 2

If phosphorus $(\mathrm{P})$, with an atomic weight of 31 , combined with hydrogen $(\mathrm{H})$, with an atomic weight of 1 , to form phosphine $\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)$, how many grams of phosphorus would react with $15 \mathrm{~g}$ of hydrogen?

Niamat Khuda

Numerade Educator

03:09

Problem 2

Can the element iron (Fe) be changed to gold (Au) by heating it to a high enough temperature? Explain.

Willis James

Numerade Educator

04:48

Problem 2

If phosphorus $(\mathrm{P})$, with an atomic weight of 31, combined with hydrogen $(\mathrm{H})$, with an atomic weight of 1, to form phosphine $\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)$, how many grams of phosphorus would react with $15 \mathrm{~g}$ of hydrogen?

Niamat Khuda

Numerade Educator

01:56

Problem 3

If $112 \mathrm{~g}$ of silicon (Si) react completely with $64 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen (O) to form silica $\left(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\right)$, what is the atomic weight of silicon?

Prabhakar Kumar

Numerade Educator

01:45

Problem 3

When a substance is burned, are all of the products of that reaction solid substances that can be easily weighed? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:56

Problem 3

If $112 \mathrm{~g}$ of silicon (Si) react completely with $64 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen (O) to form silica $\left(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\right)$, what is the atomic weight of silicon?

Prabhakar Kumar

Numerade Educator

02:26

Problem 4

If aluminum (Al), with an atomic weight of 27 , combines with oxygen (O), with an atomic weight of 8 , to form the compound aluminum oxide $\left(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)$, how much aluminum is required to react completely with $72 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen?

Lijeesh Krishnan

Numerade Educator

02:26

Problem 4

If aluminum (Al), with an atomic weight of 27, combines with oxygen (O), with an atomic weight of 8 , to form the compound aluminum oxide $\left(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)$, how much aluminum is required to react completely with $72 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen?

Lijeesh Krishnan

Numerade Educator

02:15

Problem 4

Can the hydrogen and oxygen needed in fuel cells be mined as free elements from the atmosphere or the Earth, or do they have to be extracted from compounds? Explain. (See everyday phenomenon box 18.1.)

Farhanul Hasan

Numerade Educator

02:26

Problem 4

Lijeesh Krishnan

Numerade Educator

02:38

Problem 5

Do cars using hydrogen fuel cells have approximately the same range as cars using gasoline? Explain. (See everyday phenomenon box 18.1.)

Rabia Bibi

Numerade Educator

01:25

Problem 5

If the mass of a hydrogen atom is $1.67 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}$ and the mass of an electron is $9.1 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}$, how many electrons are required to have a mass equivalent to one hydrogen atom?

Supratim Pal

Numerade Educator

01:25

Problem 5

Supratim Pal

Numerade Educator

01:35

Problem 6

Is mass conserved in a chemical reaction? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

02:13

Problem 6

How many electrons would be required to produce 12 micro coulomb $\left(12 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{C}\right)$ of negative charge? $\left(e=-1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)$

Shahina -

Numerade Educator

02:13

Problem 6

How many electrons would be required to produce 12 micro coulomb $\left(12 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{C}\right)$ of negative charge? $\left(e=-1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)$

Shahina -

Numerade Educator

01:04

Problem 7

Suppose that an X-ray beam has a wavelength of $6.0 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}$. What is the frequency of these X-rays? $(v=c=f \lambda)$

Suzanne W.

Numerade Educator

01:04

Problem 7

Suppose that an X-ray beam has a wavelength of $6.0 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}$. What is the frequency of these X-rays? $(v=c=f \lambda)$

Suzanne W.

Numerade Educator

01:44

Problem 7

In a chemical reaction, do the elements involved change into different elements as the reaction proceeds? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

02:51

Problem 8

Using the Rydberg formula, find the wavelength of the line in the Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum for $m=5$. ( $n=2$ for the Balmer series.)

Sheh Lit Chang

University of Washington

02:51

Problem 8

Using the Rydberg formula, find the wavelength of the line in the Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum for $m=5$. ( $n=2$ for the Balmer series.)

Sheh Lit Chang

University of Washington

01:29

Problem 8

Does an atom of carbon $(C)$ have the same mass as one atom of oxygen (O)? Explain.

Is it possible for any number of hydrogen atoms to combine with just one atom of oxygen? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

02:25

Problem 9

Is it possible for any number of hydrogen atoms to combine with just one atom of oxygen? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:30

Problem 9

Using the Rydberg formula, find the wavelength of the spectral line for which $m=7$ and $n=3$. Would this line be visible to the unaided eye? Explain.

Crystal Wang

Numerade Educator

01:30

Problem 9

Using the Rydberg formula, find the wavelength of the spectral line for which $m=7$ and $n=3$. Would this line be visible to the unaided eye? Explain.

Crystal Wang

Numerade Educator

01:33

Problem 10

Can the law of definite proportions be explained by a model in which different atoms of the same element have widely varying masses? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

02:40

Problem 10

Suppose that a photon has a wavelength of $520 \mathrm{~nm}$ (green).
a. What is the frequency of this photon?
b. What is the energy of this photon in joules $\left(h=6.626 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}\right) ?$

Vishal Gupta

Numerade Educator

02:40

Problem 10

Vishal Gupta

Numerade Educator

01:16

Problem 11

Do cathode rays consist of electromagnetic waves? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:50

Problem 11

Suppose a photon has an energy of $3.06 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J}$.
a. What is the frequency of this photon? $\left(h=6.626 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}\right)$
b. What is the wavelength of this photon?
c. What color does this represent? (See table 16.1.)

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

01:50

Problem 11

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

01:11

Problem 12

Do X-rays consist of electromagnetic waves? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:50

Problem 12

Suppose a photon has a frequency of $7.50 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~Hz}$.
a. What is the energy of this photon? $\left(\mathrm{h}=6.626 \times 10^{-} 34 \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}\right)$
b. What is the wavelength of this photon?
c. What color does this represent? (See table 16.1.)

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

01:50

Problem 12

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

01:05

Problem 13

An electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from an orbit in which the energy is $2.86 \mathrm{eV}$ higher than the energy of the final lower-energy orbit.
a. What is the frequency of the photon emitted in this transition? ( $h=$ $4.14 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{eV} \cdot \mathrm{s}$. See example box 18.3.)
b. What is the wavelength of the emitted photon?

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

01:29

Problem 13

Assuming that cathode rays are a beam of charged particles, how could you demonstrate that these particles are negatively charged? Explain.

Amit Srivastava

Numerade Educator

01:05

Problem 13

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

01:05

Problem 14

A Bugatti Veyron Super Sport car is among the fastest in the world. It has a mass of approximately $1888 \mathrm{~kg}$ and can reach a top speed of 267 MPH $(123 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s})$. What is the de Broglie wavelength (in meters) associated with this vehicle when moving at its top speed? $(\mathrm{h}=6.626$ $\times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}$ )

Prabhu Ramji

Numerade Educator

01:29

Problem 14

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

01:23

Problem 32

As our technology improves, will it be possible to measure both position and momentum of a particle more accurately than the Heisenberg uncertainty principle predicts?

Nathan Silvano

Numerade Educator