Chapter Questions
Name the organs of the urinary system and list their general functions.
Describe the external and internal structure of a kidney.
Name the vessels through which blood passes as it travels from the renal artery to the renal vein.
Distinguish between a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Name the parts through which fluid passes as it travels from the glomerulus to the collecting duct.
Describe the location of the source of renin.
Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
Distinguish between filtration, reabsorption, and secretion as they relate to urine formation.
Compare the composition of the glomerular filtrate with that of blood plasma.
Explain how the diameters of the afferent and efferent arterioles affect the rate of glomerular filtration.
Explain how changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma may affect the rate of glomerular filtration.
Discuss the reason fubular reabsorption is said to be a selective process.
Explain how the peritubular capillary is adapted for reabsorption.
Explain why active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities.
Define renal plasma threshold and explain its significance in tubular reabsorption.
Explain how amino acids and proteins are reabsorbed
Describe the effect of sodium reabsorption on the reabsorption of negatively charged ions:
Explain how sodium reabsorption affects water reabsorption
Explain how hypotonic tubular fluid is produced in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Explain why fluid in the descending loop of Henle is hypertonic
Describe the function of ADH
Explain how urine may become concentrated as it moves through the collecting duct.
Compare the processes by which urea and unic acid are reabsorbed
Explain how the renal tubule is adapted to carry on the secretion of hydrogen ions.
Explain how potassium ions may be secreted passively
List the more common wastes found in urine and their sources.
List some factors that affect the volume of urine produced each day
Describe the structure and function of a ureter.
Explain how the muscular wall of the ureter aids in moving urine.
Discuss what happens if a ureter becomes obstructed.
Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder.
Detine detrusor muscle
Describe the micturition reflex.
Explain how the micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled.
Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male.