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Psychology

Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Chapter 13

Theories of Personality - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

00:34

Problem 1

If you are describing characteristics of your child such as irritability or adaptability, psychologists would say you are not describing their personality but rather their
a. character.
b. consciousness.
c. mood.
d. temperament.

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00:44

Problem 2

According to Freud, the ______ works off of the pleasure principle, while the ______ is often perceived as the executive director of your personality.
a. id; ego
b. ego; superego
c. superego; id
d. superego; ego

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Problem 3

You are shocked to hear that two of your coworkers who seemingly hated one another are now getting married. According to Freud, what defense mechanism best explains their prior behavior?
a. projection
b. reaction formation
c. repression
d. regression

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00:50

Problem 4

Four-year-old Brandon has watched his father as he has mowed the lawn. This year, Brandon has asked for a lawn mower of his own for his birthday. Freud would say that Brandon is beginning the process of ______ as a way of resolving his Oedipal conflict.
a. compensation
b. identification
c. sublimation
d. denial

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00:45

Problem 5

Your professor explains how all females have an inner masculine side that adds to their personality. This concept is known as a(n)
a. anima.
b. animus.
c. shadow.
d. source trait.

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00:20

Problem 6

According to Adler, firstborn children with younger siblings tend to be
a. overachieving.
b. competitive.
c. pampered.
d. filled with feelings of inferionity.

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00:25

Problem 7

Karen Horney's study of one's personality focused on
a. anxiety during childhood.
b. biological changes during adolescence.
c. trait-based characteristics that were present in infancy.
d. environmental influences through adulthood.

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00:45

Problem 8

Candice believes that fate will help her find the right man with whom to live her life. According to Rotter, she has a(n)
a. external locus of control.
b. internal locus of control.
c. strong self-efficacy.
d. perceived sense of control.

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00:26

Problem 9

Keisha works hard at her job because she believes it will increase her chances for a promotion. According to Julian Rotter's theory, her effort is an example of what he calls
a. reinforcement value.
b. expectancy.
c. archetypes.
d. latency stage.

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00:36

Problem 10

What is a primary advantage of the social-cognitive view of personality over the psychodynamic view?
a. The social cognitive view tries to explain how people become the people they are.
b. The social cognitive view stresses the importance of early childhood in personality development.
c. The social cognitive view is fully able to explain all the complexities of human behavior.
d. The social cognitive view has concepts that can be tested scientifically.

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00:43

Problem 11

Which perspective of psychology focuses on the role of each person's conscious life experiences and choices in personality development?
a. trait
b. behavior
c. humanistic
d. psychodynamic

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00:32

Problem 12

An old motto of the U.S. Army was, "Be all you can be." This concept fits well with Carl Rogers's theory of
a. unconditional positive regard.
b. empathy.
c. self-actualizing tendency.
d. the real versus the ideal self.

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00:49

Problem 13

According to Rogers, a mismatch between the real and ideal self
a. typically motivates individuals to close the gap.
b. can result in anxiety and neurotic behavior.
c. causes one to better understand their unconscious motives.
d. causes an increase in unconditional positive regard.

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00:39

Problem 14

Dr. Hill is constantly late for meetings. She often arrives to her classes 5 to 10 minutes late and leaves students waiting at her door during office hours for up to 30 minutes. Using the five-factor model which dimension would show a very low score for Dr. Hill?
a. self-sufficiency
b. openness
c. agreeableness
d. conscientiousness

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00:48

Problem 15

To explain an individual's personality, trait theorists would look to
a. early childhood emotional traumas.
b. the kind of love, warmth, and affection given to the person by his or her parents.
c. the early experiences of rewards and punishments for certain behavior
d. the constellation of personality characteristics possessed by the person.

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00:49

Problem 16

Studies of the hereditability of personality traits have found
a. little evidence to support the belief that personality can be passed on by genetics.
b. evidence to support the belief that personality can be passed on by genetics but only in highly developed countries.
c. strong evidence to support some personality traits can be passed on by genetics.
d. strong evidence that personality is passed on exclusively by genetics.

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00:37

Problem 17

As examples of what might be required as parts of specific projective tests, the ______ asks clients to look at a picture and tell a story while the ______ asks clients to report everything they see in an ambiguous figure.
a. Rorschach; Thematic Apperception Test
b. MMPI-2-RF; Thematic Apperception Test
c. MMPI-2-RF; NEO-PI-3
d. Thematic Apperception Test; Rorschach

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00:27

Problem 18

Which type of assessment would be the most reliable?
a. subjective test
b. projective test
c. personality inventory
d. observational study

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00:32

Problem 19

The ______ is based on the five-factor model, while ______ is based on the work of Raymond Cattell.
a. NEO-PI-3; 16PF
b. MBTI; NEO-PI-3
c. MMPI-2-RF; MBTI
d. 16PF; MMPI-2-RF

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00:46

Problem 20

Personality neuroscience is an emerging field offering evidence of a possible relationship between various aspects of personality with
a. brain structure and function.
b. the structure and function of individual neurons.
c. skull shape and size.
d. neuroticism.

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