Chapter Questions
Anna is embarrassed that it takes her several minutes to parallel-park her car. She usually gets out of the car once or twice to inspect her distance both from the curb and from the nearby cars. Should she worry about having a psychological disorder?
Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and ________.
A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the _______ model.
Many psychologists reject the disorders-as-illness view and instead maintain that other factors may also be involved- for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the __________ approach.a. medicalb. epigeneticsc. biopsychosociald. diagnostic labels
Most psychologists and psychiatrists use ________ to classify psychological disorders.a. DSM descriptions and codesb. in-depth client historiesc. input from clients' family and friendsd. the theories of Pinel, Rosenhan, and others
A feeling of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pains choking sensations, or other frightening sensations is calleda. an obsession.b. a compulsion.c. a panic attack.d. a specific phobia.
Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a ________.
Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having ________-________ disorder
The learning perspective proposes that phobias area. the result of individual genetic makeup.b. a way of repressing unacceptable impulses.c. conditioned fears.d. a symptom of having been abused as a child.
After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as _________.
The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,a. and opiates.b. cocaine, and morphine.c. caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana.d. and amphetamines.
Why might alcohol make a person more helpful or more aggressive?
Long-term use of Ecstasy cana. depress sympathetic nervous system activity.b. deplete the brain's supply of epinephrine.c. deplete the brain's supply of dopamine.d. damage serotonin-producing neurons.
Near-death experiences are strikingly similar to the experiences evoked by __________.
Use of marijuanaa. impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory.b. inhibits people's emotions.c. leads to dehydration and overheating.d. stimulates brain cell development.
An important psychological contributor to drug use isa. inflated self-esteem.b. the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless.c. a genetic predisposition.d. overprotective parents.
The "gender gap" in depression refers to the finding that _______ (men's/women's) risk of depression is nearly double that of _______ (men's/women's).
Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-first century, especially amonga. middle-aged women.b. middle-aged men.c. people 20 and over.d. people 19 and under.
Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters ______ and ______.
Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the __________ - __________ perspective.
A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experiencea. tremors.b. delusions.c. withdrawal.d. flat emotion.
People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) ________.
Victor exclaimed, "The weather has been so schizophrenic lately: It's hot one day and freezing the next!" Is this an accurate comparison? Why or why not?
Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best whena. onset is sudden, in response to stress.b. deterioration occurs gradually, during childhood.c. no environmental causes can be identified.d. there is a detectable brain abnormality.
Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?a. People with bulimia continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight.b. Bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normalrangesc. Bulimia patients often come from families that are competitive, high-achieving, and protective.d. If one twin is diagnosed with bulimia, the chances of the other twin's sharing the disorder are greater if they are fraternal rather than identical twins.
Dissociative identity disorder is controversial becausea. dissociation is quite rare.b. it was reported frequently in the 1920 s but rarely today.c. it is almost never reported outside North America.d. its symptoms are nearly identical to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized bya. depression.b. hallucinations.c. enduring and inflexible behavior patterns that impair social functioning.d. an elevated level of autonomic nervous system arousal.
PET scans of murderers' brains have revealeda. higher-than-normal activation in the frontal lobesb. lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.c. more frontal lobe tissue than normal.d. no differences in brain structures or activity.