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Psychology in Everyday Life

David G, Myers

Chapter 8

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

02:32

Problem 1

A mental grouping of similar things is called a ____________.

Savanna Schweizer
Savanna Schweizer
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02:13

Problem 2

The most systematic procedure for solving a problem is a(n) ____________.

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Savanna Schweizer
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03:34

Problem 3

Oscar describes his political beliefs as "strongly liberal," but he has decided to explore opposing viewpoints. How might he be affected by confirmation bias and belief perseverance in this effort?

Savanna Schweizer
Savanna Schweizer
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02:04

Problem 4

A major obstacle to problem solving is fixation, which is a(n)
a. tendency to base our judgments on vivid memories.
b. tendency to wait for insight to occur.
c. inability to view a problem from a new perspective.
d. rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of an event in terms of our mental image of it.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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02:52

Problem 5

Terrorist attacks in Paris and San Bernardino made Americans, in the words of one senator, “really scared and worried”—and more fearful of being victimized by terrorism than of other greater threats. Such
exaggerated fears after dramatic events illustrate the ____________ heuristic.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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02:00

Problem 6

When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as "75 percent lean" than to the same product labeled "25 percent fat," they have been influenced by ___________.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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Problem 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person?
a. Expertise
b. Extrinsic motivation
c. A venturesome personality
d. Imaginative thinking skills

Alexander Cheng
Alexander Cheng
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02:30

Problem 8

Children reach the one-word stage of speech development at about
a. 4 months.
b. 6 months.
c. 1 year.
d. 2 years.

Savanna Schweizer
Savanna Schweizer
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03:29

Problem 9

When young children speak in short phrases using mostly verbs and nouns, this is referred to as ____________ ____________.

Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
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01:55

Problem 10

According to Chomsky, all languages share a(n) ____________ ____________.

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Leonardo Filgueiras
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01:21

Problem 11

Most researchers agree that apes can
a. communicate through symbols.
b. reproduce most human speech sounds.
c. master language in adulthood.
d. surpass a human 3-year-old in language skills.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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01:34

Problem 12

Charles Spearman suggested we have one ____________ ____________ underlying success across a variety of intellectual abilities.

Alexa Moschella
Alexa Moschella
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03:02

Problem 13

The existence of savant syndrome seems to support
a. Sternberg's distinction among three types of intelligence.
b. criticism of multiple intelligence theories.
c. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
d. Thorndike's view of social intelligence.

Alexa Moschella
Alexa Moschella
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01:37

Problem 14

Sternberg’s three types of intelligence are ____________, ____________, and ____________.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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02:23

Problem 15

Emotionally intelligent people tend to
a. seek immediate gratification.
b. understand their own emotions but not those of others.
c. understand others' emotions but not their own.
d. succeed in their careers.

Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
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00:36

Problem 16

The IQ of a 6 -year-old with a measured mental age of 9 would be
a. 67
b. 133
c. 86
d. 150

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Brianna Bailey
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02:41

Problem 17

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is best able to tell us
a. what part of an individual's intelligence is determined by genetic inheritance.
b. whether the test-taker will succeed in a job.
c. how the test-taker compares with other adults in vocabulary and arithmetic reasoning.
d. whether the test-taker has specific skills for music and the performing arts.

Alexa Moschella
Alexa Moschella
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02:03

Problem 18

The Stanford-Binet, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children yield consistent results, for example on retesting. In other words, these tests have high ____________.

Alexa Moschella
Alexa Moschella
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04:29

Problem 19

The strongest support for heredity's influence on intelligence is the finding that
a. identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores.
b. the correlation between intelligence test scores of fraternal twins is not higher than that for other siblings.
c. mental similarities between adopted siblings increase with age.
d. children in impoverished families have similar intelligence scores.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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01:32

Problem 20

To say that the heritability of intelligence is about 50 percent means that
50 percent of
a. an individual's intelligence is due to genetic factors.
b. the similarities between two groups of people are attributable to genes.
c. the variation in intelligence within a group of people is attributable to genetic factors.
d. intelligence is due half to the mother's genes and half to the father's genes.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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06:49

Problem 21

The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development is
a. exposing normal infants to enrichment programs before age 1
b. growing up in an economically disadvantaged home or neighborhood.
c. being raised in conditions of extreme deprivation.
d. being an identical twin.

Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
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03:29

Problem 22

Use the concepts of crystallized and fluid intelligence to explain why writers tend to produce their most creative work later in life, while scientists often hit their peak much earlier.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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03:10

Problem 23

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for the fact that more intelligent people tend to live longer, healthier lives?
a. Intelligence makes it easier to access more education, better jobs, and a healthier environment.
b. Intelligence encourages a more health-promoting lifestyle.
c. Intelligent people have slower reaction times, making it less likely that they will put themselves at risk.
d. Prenatal events or early childhood illnesses could influence both intelligence and health.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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02:46

Problem 24

In prosperous country X everyone eats all they want. In country Y the rich are well fed, but the poor have very little to eat. In which country will the heritability of body weight be greater?

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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01:58

Problem 25

____________ ____________ can lead to poor performance on tests by undermining test-takers’ belief that they can do well on the test.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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