• Home
  • Textbooks
  • College Physics With an Integrated Approach to Forces and Kinematics
  • Torque and Angular Momentum

College Physics With an Integrated Approach to Forces and Kinematics

Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarthy Richardson , Robert C. Richardson

Chapter 8

Torque and Angular Momentum - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

02:14

Problem 1

Verify that $\frac{1}{2} I \omega^{2}$ has dimensions of energy.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
00:58

Problem 2

What is the rotational inertia of a solid iron disk of mass $49 \mathrm{~kg}$, with a thickness of $5.00 \mathrm{~cm}$ and radius of $20.0 \mathrm{~cm}$, about an axis through its center and perpendicular to it?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
04:22

Problem 3

A bowling ball made for a child has half the radius of an adult bowling ball. They are made of the same material (and therefore have the same mass per unit volume). $\mathrm{By}$ what factor is the (a) mass and (b) rotational inertia of the child's ball reduced compared with the adult ball?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
11:05

Problem 4

Find the rotational inertia of the system of point particles shown in the figure assuming the system rotates about the
(a) $x$ -axis,
(b) $y$ -axis,
(c) z-axis. The $z$ -axis is perpendicular to the $x y$ -plane and points out of the page. Point particle $A$ has a mass of $200 \mathrm{~g}$ and is located at $(x, y, z)=(-3.0 \mathrm{~cm}, 5.0 \mathrm{~cm}, 0)$, point particle $B$ has a mass of $300 \mathrm{~g}$ and is at $(6.0 \mathrm{~cm}, 0,$,
0), and point particle $C$ has a mass of $500 \mathrm{~g}$ and is at $(-5.0 \mathrm{~cm},-4.0 \mathrm{~cm}, 0)$.
(d) What are the $x$ - and $y$ -coordinates of the center of mass of the system?

Brandy Heflin
Brandy Heflin
Numerade Educator
11:57

Problem 5

Four point masses of $3.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ each are arranged in a square on massless rods. The length of a side of the square is $0.50 \mathrm{~m}$. What is the rotational inertia for rotation about an axis (a) passing through masses $B$ and $C$ ?
(b) passing through masses $A$ and $C ?$ (c) passing through the center of the square and perpendicular to the plane of the square?
(a)
(b)
(c)

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:54

Problem 6

How much work is done by the motor in a CD player to make a CD spin, starting from rest? The $\mathrm{CD}$ has a diameter of $12.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ and a mass of $15.8 \mathrm{~g}$. The laser scans at a constant tangential velocity of $1.20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. Assume that the music is first detected at a radius of $20.0 \mathrm{~mm}$ from the center of the disk. Ignore the small circular hole at the CD's center.

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
04:54

Problem 7

Find the ratio of the rotational inertia of the Earth for rotation about its own axis to its rotational inertia for rotation about the Sun.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
05:39

Problem 8

A bicycle has wheels of radius $0.32 \mathrm{~m}$. Each wheel has a rotational inertia of $0.080 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ about its axle. The total mass of the bicycle including the wheels and the rider is $79 \mathrm{~kg}$. When coasting at constant speed, what fraction of the total kinetic energy of the bicycle (including rider) is the rotational kinetic energy of the wheels?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
10:13

Problem 9

In many problems in previous chapters, cars and other objects that roll on wheels were considered to act as if they were sliding without friction. (a) Can the same assumption be made for a wheel rolling by itself? Explain your answer. (b) If a moving car of total mass $1300 \mathrm{~kg}$ has four wheels, each with rotational inertia of $0.705 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ and radius of $35 \mathrm{~cm}$, what fraction of the total kinetic energy is rotational?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:22

Problem 10

A centrifuge has a rotational inertia of $6.5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$. How much energy must be supplied to bring it from rest to $420 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}(4000 \mathrm{rpm})$ ?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
01:34

Problem 11

A mechanic turns a wrench using a force of $25 \mathrm{~N}$ at a distance of $16 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the rotation axis. The force is perpendicular to the wrench handle. What magnitude torque does she apply to the wrench?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 12

The pull cord of a lawnmower engine is wound around a drum of radius $6.00 \mathrm{~cm}$. While the cord is pulled with a force of $75 \mathrm{~N}$ to start the engine, what magnitude torque does the cord apply to the drum?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
03:00

Problem 13

A child of mass $40.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ is sitting on a horizontal seesaw at a distance of $2.0 \mathrm{~m}$ from the supporting axis. What is the magnitude of the torque about the axis due to the weight of the child?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:43

Problem 14

A $124-\mathrm{g}$ mass is placed on one pan of a balance, at a point $25 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the support of the balance. What is the magnitude of the torque about the support exerted by the mass?

Nishant Kumar
Nishant Kumar
Numerade Educator
04:33

Problem 15

A uniform door weighs $50.0 \mathrm{~N}$ and is $1.0 \mathrm{~m}$ wide and $2.6 \mathrm{~m}$ high. What is the magnitude of the torque due to the door's own weight about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the door and passing through a corner?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:06

Problem 16

A tower outside the Houses of Parliament in London has a famous clock commonly referred to as Big Ben, the name of its 13 -ton chiming bell. The hour hand of each clock face is $2.7 \mathrm{~m}$ long and has a mass of $60.0 \mathrm{~kg}$. Assume the hour hand to be a uniform rod attached at one end. (a) What is the torque on the clock mechanism due to the weight of one of the four hour hands when the clock strikes noon? The axis of rotation is perpendicular to a clock face and through the center of the clock. (b) What is the torque due to the weight of one hour hand about the same axis when the clock
tolls $9: 00$ A.M.?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 17

Any pair of equal and opposite forces acting on the same object is called a couple. Consider the couple in part (a) of the figure. The rotation axis is perpendicular to the page and passes through point $P$. (a) Show that the net torque due to this couple is equal to $F d$, where $d$ is the distance between the lines of action of the two forces. Because the distance $d$ is independent of the location of the rotation axis, this shows that the torque is the same for any rotation axis. (b) Repeat for the couple in part (b) of the figure. Show that the torque is still $F d$ if $d$ is the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the forces.
(a)
(b)

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 18

A $46.4$ - N force is applied to the outer edge of a door of width $1.26 \mathrm{~m}$ in such a way that it acts (a) perpendicular to the door, (b) at an angle of $43.0^{\circ}$ with respect to the door surface, (c) so that the line of action of the force passes through the axis of the door hinges. Find the torque for these three cases.

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 19

A trap door, of length and width $1.65 \mathrm{~m}$, is held open at an angle of $65.0^{\circ}$ with respect to the floor. A rope is attached to the raised edge of the door and fastened to the wall behind the door in such a position that the rope pulls perpendicularly to the trap door. If the mass of the trap door is $16.8 \mathrm{~kg}$, what is the torque exerted on the trap door by the rope?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
01:44

Problem 20

A weightless rod, $10.0 \mathrm{~m}$ long, supports three weights as shown. Where is its center of gravity?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
05:16

Problem 21

A door weighing $300.0 \mathrm{~N} \quad$ measures $2.00 \mathrm{~m} \times 3.00 \mathrm{~m}$
and is of uniform density; that is, the mass is uniformly distributed throughout the volume. A doorknob is attached to the door as shown. Where is the center of gravity if the doorknob weighs $5.0 \mathrm{~N}$ and is located $0.25 \mathrm{~m}$ from the edge?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:51

Problem 22

A plate of uniform thickness is shaped as shown. Where is the center of gravity? Assume the origin $(0,0)$ is located at the lower left corner of the plate; the upper left corner is at $(0, s)$ and upper right corner is at $(s, s)$.

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
03:14

Problem 23

A stone used to grind wheat into flour is turned through 12 revolutions by a constant force of $20.0 \mathrm{~N}$ applied to the rim of a $10.0$ -cm-radius shaft connected to the wheel. How much work is done on the stone during the 12 revolutions?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
04:32

Problem 24

The radius of a wheel is $0.500 \mathrm{~m}$. A rope is wound around the outer rim of the wheel. The rope is pulled with a force of magnitude $5.00 \mathrm{~N}$, unwinding the rope and making the wheel spin CCW about its central axis. Ignore the mass of the rope. (a) How much rope unwinds while the wheel makes $1.00$ revolution? (b) How much work is done by the rope on the wheel during this time?
(c) What is the torque on the wheel due to the rope?
(d) What is the angular displacement $\Delta \theta$, in radians, of the wheel during $1.00$ revolution? (e) Show that the numerical value of the work done is equal to the product $t \Delta \theta$.

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
07:50

Problem 25

A flywheel of mass $182 \mathrm{~kg}$ has an effective radius of $0.62 \mathrm{~m}$ (assume the mass is concentrated along a circumference located at the effective radius of the flywheel).
(a) How much work is done to bring this wheel from rest to a speed of 120 rpm in a time interval of $30.0 \mathrm{~s}$ ? (b) What is the applied torque on the flywheel (assumed constant)?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
04:15

Problem 26

A Ferris wheel rotates because a motor exerts a torque on the wheel. The radius of the London Eye, a huge observation wheel on the banks of the Thames, is $67.5 \mathrm{~m}$ and its mass is $1.90 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~kg}$. The cruising angular speed of the wheel is $3.50 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$. (a) How much work does the motor need to do to bring the stationary wheel up to cruising speed? [Hint: Treat the wheel as a hoop.] (b) What is the torque (assumed constant) the motor needs to provide to the wheel if it takes $20.0 \mathrm{~s}$ to reach the cruising angular speed?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
03:15

Problem 27

A rod is being used as a lever as shown. The fulcrum is $1.2 \mathrm{~m}$ from the load and $2.4 \mathrm{~m}$ from the applied force. If the load has a mass of $20.0 \mathrm{~kg}$, what force must be applied to lift the load?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:56

Problem 28

A weight of $1200 \mathrm{~N}$ rests on a lever at a point $0.50 \mathrm{~m}$ from a support. On the same side of the support, at a distance of $3.0 \mathrm{~m}$ from it, an upward force with magnitude $F$ is applied. Ignore the weight of the board itself. If the system is in equilibrium, what is $F$ ?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
00:54

Problem 29

A sculpture is $4.00 \mathrm{~m}$ tall and has its center of gravity located $1.80 \mathrm{~m}$ above the center of its base. The base is a square with a side of $1.10 \mathrm{~m}$. To what angle $\theta$ can the sculpture be tipped before it falls over?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 30

A house painter is standing on a uniform, horizontal platform that is held in equilibrium by two cables attached to supports on the roof. The painter has a mass of $75 \mathrm{~kg}$ and the mass of the platform is $20.0 \mathrm{~kg}$. The distance from the left end of the platform to where the
painter is standing is $d=2.0 \mathrm{~m}$ and the total length of the platform is $5.0 \mathrm{~m}$.
(a) How large is the force exerted by the left-hand cable on the platform?
(b) How large is the force exerted by the right-hand cable?

Christian Zupan
Christian Zupan
Numerade Educator
05:45

Problem 31

Four identical uniform metersticks are stacked on a table as shown. Where is the $x$ -coordinate of the $\mathrm{CM}$ of the metersticks if the origin is chosen at the left end of the lowest stick? Why does the system balance?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
09:22

Problem 32

A uniform diving board, of length $5.0 \mathrm{~m}$ and mass $55 \mathrm{~kg}$, is supported at two points; one support is located $3.4 \mathrm{~m}$ from the end of the board and the second is at $4.6 \mathrm{~m}$ from the end (see Fig. 8.19). What are the forces acting on the board due to the two supports when a diver of mass $65 \mathrm{~kg}$ stands at the end of the board over the water? Assume that these forces are vertical. ( tutorial: plank) [Hint: In this problem, consider using two different torque equations about different rotation axes. This may help you determine the directions of the two forces.]

Sandro Maludze
Sandro Maludze
Numerade Educator
02:08

Problem 33

A house painter stands $3.0 \mathrm{~m}$ above the ground on a $5.0$ -m-long ladder that leans against the wall at a point $4.7 \mathrm{~m}$ above the ground. The painter weighs $680 \mathrm{~N}$ and the ladder weighs $120 \mathrm{~N}$. Assuming no friction between the house and the upper end of the ladder, find the force of friction that the driveway exerts on the bottom of the ladder.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
04:31

Problem 34

A mountain climber is rappelling down a vertical wall. The rope attaches to a buckle strapped to the climber's waist $15 \mathrm{~cm}$ to the right of his center of gravity. If the climber weighs $770 \mathrm{~N}$, find
(a) the tension in the rope and (b) the magnitude and direction of the contact force exerted by the wall on the climber's feet.

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
20:18

Problem 35

A sign is supported by a uniform horizontal boom of length $3.00 \mathrm{~m}$ and weight $80.0 \mathrm{~N}$. A cable, inclined at an angle of $35^{\circ}$ with the boom, is attached at a distance of $2.38 \mathrm{~m}$
from the hinge at the wall. The weight of the sign is $120.0 \mathrm{~N}$. What is the tension in the cable and what are the horizontal and vertical forces $F_{x}$ and $F_{y}$ exerted on the boom by the hinge? Comment on the magnitude of $F_{v}$.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
04:12

Problem 36

A boom of mass $m$ supports a steel girder of weight $W$ hanging from its end. One end of the boom is hinged at the floor; a cable attaches to the other end of the boom and pulls horizontally on it. The boom makes an angle $\theta$ with the horizontal. Find the tension in the cable as a function of $m, W, \theta$, and $g$. Comment on the tension at $\theta=0$ and $\theta=90^{\circ}$.

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
13:59

Problem 37

You are asked to hang a uniform beam and sign using a cable that has a breaking strength of $417 \mathrm{~N}$. The store owner desires that it hang out over the sidewalk as shown. The sign has a weight of $200.0 \mathrm{~N}$ and the beam's weight is $50.0 \mathrm{~N}$. The beam's length is $1.50 \mathrm{~m}$ and the sign's dimensions are $1.00 \mathrm{~m}$ horizontally $\times 0.80 \mathrm{~m}$ vertically. What is the minimum angle $\theta$ that you can have between the beam and cable?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:27

Problem 38

Refer to Problem 37. You chose an angle $\theta$ of $33.8^{\circ}$. An $8.7-\mathrm{kg}$ cat has climbed onto the beam and is walking from the wall toward the point where the cable meets the beam. How far can the cat walk before the cable breaks?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
13:00

Problem 39

A man is doing push-ups. He has a mass of $68 \mathrm{~kg}$ and his center of gravity is located at a horizontal distance of $0.70 \mathrm{~m}$ from his palms and $1.00 \mathrm{~m}$ from his feet. Find the forces exerted by the floor on his palms and feet.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 40

Your friend balances a package with mass $m=10 \mathrm{~kg}$ on top of his head while standing. The mass of his upper body is $M=55 \mathrm{~kg}$ (about $65 \%$ of his total mass). Because the spine is vertical rather than horizontal, the force exerted by the sacrum on the spine $\left(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right.$ in Fig $8.32$ ) is directed approximately straight up and the force exerted by the back muscles $\left(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{b}}\right)$ is negligibly small. Find the magnitude of $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}$

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
12:45

Problem 41

Find the tension in the Achilles tendon and the force that the tibia exerts on the ankle joint when a person who weighs $750 \mathrm{~N}$ supports himself on the ball of one foot. The normal force $N=750 \mathrm{~N}$ pushes up on the ball of the foot on one side of the ankle joint, while the Achilles tendon pulls up on the foot on the other side of the joint.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:48

Problem 42

In the movie Terminator, Arnold Schwarzenegger lifts someone up by the neck and, with both arms fully extended and horizontal, holds the person off the ground. If the person being held weighs $700 \mathrm{~N}$, is $60 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the shoulder joint, and Arnold has an anatomy analogous to that in Fig. $8.30$, what force must each of the deltoid muscles exert to perform this task?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
11:44

Problem 43

Find the force exerted by the biceps muscle in holding a 1-L milk carton (weight $9.9 \mathrm{~N}$ ) with the forearm parallel to the floor. Assume that the hand is $35.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the elbow and that the upper arm is $30.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. The elbow is bent at a right angle and one tendon of the biceps is attached to the forearm at a position $5.00 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the elbow, while the other tendon is attached at $30.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the elbow. The weight of the forearm and empty hand is $18.0 \mathrm{~N}$ and the center of gravity of the forearm is at a distance of $16.5 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the elbow.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:57

Problem 44

A person is doing leg lifts with $3.0-\mathrm{kg}$ ankle weights. She is sitting in a chair with her legs bent at a right angle initially. The quadriceps muscles are attached to the patella via a tendon; the patella is connected to the tibia by the patellar tendon, which attaches to bone $10.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ below the knee joint. Assume that the tendon pulls at an angle of $20.0^{\circ}$ with respect to the lower leg, regardless of the position of the lower leg. The lower leg has a mass of $5.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ and its center of gravity is $22 \mathrm{~cm}$ below the knee. The ankle weight is $41 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the knee. If the person lifts one leg, find the force exerted by the patellar tendon to hold the leg at an angle of (a) $30.0^{\circ}$ and (b) $90.0^{\circ}$ with respect to the vertical.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
21:48

Problem 45

One day when your friend from Problem 40 is picking up a package, you notice that he bends at the waist to pick it up rather than keeping his back straight and bending his knees. You suspect that the lower back pain he complains about is caused by the large force on his lower vertebrae $\left(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right.$ in Fig. $8.32$ ) when he lifts objects in this way. Suppose that when the spine is horizontal, the back muscles exert a force $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ as in Fig. $8.32(44 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the sacrum and at an angle of $12^{\circ}$ to the horizontal). Assume that the $\mathrm{CM}$ of his upper body (including the arms) is at its geometric center, $38 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the sacrum. Find the horizontal component of $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}$ when your friend is holding a $10-\mathrm{kg}$ package at a distance of $76 \mathrm{~cm}$ from his sacrum. Compare this with the magnitude of $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}$ found in Problem 40 .

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
04:20

Problem 46

A man is trying to lift $60.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ off the floor by bending at the waist (see Fig. 8.32). Assume that the man's upper body weighs $455 \mathrm{~N}$ and the upper body's center of gravity is $38 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the sacrum (tailbone). (a) If, when bent over, the hands are a horizontal distance of $76 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the sacrum, what torque must be exerted by the erector spinae muscles to lift $60.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ off the floor? (The axis of rotation passes through the sacrum, as shown in Fig. 8.32.) (b) When bent over, the erector spinae muscles are a horizontal distance of $44 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the sacrum and act at a $12^{\circ}$ angle above the horizontal. What force $\left(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{b}}\right.$ in Fig. $8.32$ ) do the erector spinae muscles need to exert to lift the weight? (c) What is the component of this force that compresses the spinal column?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
03:18

Problem 47

Verify that the units of the rotational form of Newton's second law [Eq. $(8-9)]$ are consistent. In other words, show that the product of a rotational inertia expressed in $\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ and an angular acceleration expressed in $\mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ is a torque expressed in $\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:03

Problem 48

A spinning flywheel has rotational inertia $I=400.0 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} .$ Its angular velocity decreases from $20.0 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$ to zero in $300.0 \mathrm{~s}$ due to friction. What is the frictional torque acting?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
06:35

Problem 49

A turntable must spin at $33.3 \mathrm{rpm}(3.49 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s})$ to play an old-fashioned vinyl record. How much torque must the motor deliver if the turntable is to reach its final angular speed in $2.0$ revolutions, starting from rest? The turntable is a uniform disk of diameter $30.5 \mathrm{~cm}$ and mass $0.22 \mathrm{~kg}$.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:57

Problem 50

A lawn sprinkler has three spouts that spray water, each $15.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. As the water is sprayed, the sprinkler turns around in a circle. The sprinkler has a total rotational inertia of $9.20 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} .$ If the sprinkler starts from rest and takes $3.20 \mathrm{~s}$ to reach its final speed of $2.2 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$, what force does each spout exert on the sprinkler?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
08:23

Problem 51

A chain pulls tangentially on a $40.6-\mathrm{kg}$ uniform cylindrical gear with a tension of $72.5 \mathrm{~N}$. The chain is attached along the outside radius of the gear at $0.650 \mathrm{~m}$ from the axis of rotation. Starting from rest, the gear takes $1.70 \mathrm{~s}$ to reach its rotational speed of $1.35 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. What is the total frictional torque opposing the rotation of the gear?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:25

Problem 52

Four masses are arranged as shown. They are connected by rigid, massless rods of lengths $0.75 \mathrm{~m}$ and $0.50 \mathrm{~m}$. What torque must be applied to cause an angular acceleration of $0.75 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ about the axis shown?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
04:09

Problem 53

A bicycle wheel, of radius $0.30 \mathrm{~m}$ and mass $2 \mathrm{~kg}$ (concentrated on the rim), is rotating at $4.00 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. After $50 \mathrm{~s}$ the wheel comes to a stop because of friction. What is the magnitude of the average torque due to frictional forces?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:15

Problem 54

A playground merry-go-round (see Fig. 8.5), made in the shape of a solid disk, has a diameter of $2.50 \mathrm{~m}$ and a mass of $350.0 \mathrm{~kg}$. Two children, each of mass $30.0 \mathrm{~kg}$, sit on opposite sides at the edge of the platform. Approximate the children as point masses. (a) What torque is required to bring the merry-go-round from rest to 25 rpm in $20.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (b) If two other bigger children are going to push on the merry-go-round rim to produce this acceleration, with what force magnitude must each child push?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
05:43

Problem 55

Two children standing on opposite sides of a merry-goround (see Fig. $8.5$ ) are trying to rotate it. They each push in opposite directions with forces of magnitude $10.0 \mathrm{~N}$. (a) If the merry-go-round has a mass of $180 \mathrm{~kg}$ and a radius of $2.0 \mathrm{~m}$, what is the angular acceleration of the merry-go-round? (Assume the merry-go-round is a uniform disk.) (b) How fast is the merry-go-round rotating after $4.0 \mathrm{~s}$ ?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:48

Problem 56

Refer to Atwood's machine (Example 8.2). (a) Assuming that the cord does not slip as it passes around the pulley, what is the relationship between the angular acceleration of the pulley ( $\alpha$ ) and the magnitude of the linear acceleration of the blocks $(a) ?$ (b) What is the net torque on the pulley about its axis of rotation in terms of the tensions $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ in the left and right sides of the cord? (c) Explain why the tensions cannot be equal if $m_{1} \neq m_{2}$. (d) Apply Newton's second law to each of the blocks and Newton's second law for rotation to the pulley. Use these three equations to solve for $a, T_{1}$, and $T_{2}$.
(e) Since the blocks move with constant acceleration, use the result of Example $8.2$ along with the constant acceleration equation $v_{\mathrm{fy}}^{2}-v_{\mathrm{iy}}^{2}=2 a_{y} \Delta y$ to check your answer for $a$.

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
06:16

Problem 57

Derive the rotational form of Newton's second law as follows. Consider a rigid object that consists of a large number $N$ of particles. Let $F_{i}, m_{i}$, and $r_{i}$ represent the tangential component of the net force acting on the ith particle, the mass of that particle, and the particle's distance from the axis of rotation, respectively. (a) Use Newton's second law to find $a_{i}$, the particle's tangential acceleration. (b) Find the torque acting on this particle. (c) Replace $a_{i}$ with an equivalent expression in terms of the angular acceleration $\alpha$. (d) Sum the torques due to all the particles and show that
$$
\sum_{i=1}^{N} \tau_{i}=I \alpha
$$

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 58

A solid sphere is rolling without slipping or sliding down a board that is tilted at an angle of $35^{\circ}$ with respect to the horizontal. What is its acceleration?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
05:50

Problem 59

A solid sphere is released from rest and allowed to roll down a board that has one end resting on the floor and is tilted at $30^{\circ}$ with respect to the horizontal. If the sphere is released from a height of $60 \mathrm{~cm}$ above the floor, what is the sphere's speed when it reaches the lowest end of the board?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:47

Problem 60

A hollow cylinder, a uniform solid sphere, and a uniform solid cylinder all have the same mass $m$. The three objects are rolling on a horizontal surface with identical translational speeds $v$. Find their total kinetic energies in terms of $m$ and $v$ and order them from smallest to largest.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
02:07

Problem 61

A solid sphere of mass $0.600 \mathrm{~kg}$ rolls without slipping along a horizontal surface with a translational speed of $5.00 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. It comes to an incline that makes an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal surface. Ignoring energy losses due to friction, to what vertical height above the horizontal surface does the sphere rise on the incline?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
06:10

Problem 62

A bucket of water with a mass of $2.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ is attached to a rope that is wound around a cylinder. The cylinder has a mass of $3.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ and is mounted horizontally on frictionless bearings. The bucket is released from rest. (a) Find its speed after it has fallen through a distance of $0.80 \mathrm{~m}$. What are (b) the tension in the rope and (c) the acceleration of the bucket?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
13:29

Problem 63

A $1.10-\mathrm{kg}$ bucket is tied to a rope that is wrapped around a pole mounted horizontally on frictionless bearings. The cylindrical pole has a diameter of $0.340 \mathrm{~m}$ and a mass of $2.60 \mathrm{~kg}$. When the bucket is released from rest, how long will it take to fall to the bottom of the well, a distance of $17.0 \mathrm{~m}$ ?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
06:33

Problem 64

A uniform solid cylinder rolls without slipping down an incline. A hole is drilled through the cylinder along its axis. The radius of the hole is $0.50$ times the (outer) radius of the cylinder. (a) Does the cylinder take more or less time to roll down the incline now that the hole has been drilled? Explain. (b) By what percentage does drilling the hole change the time for the cylinder to roll down the incline?

Nafis Fuad
Nafis Fuad
Numerade Educator
09:58

Problem 65

A solid sphere of radius $R$ and mass $M$ slides without friction down a loop-the-loop track. The sphere starts from rest at a height of $h$ above the horizontal. Assume that the radius of the sphere is small compared to the radius $r$ of the loop.
(a) Find the minimum value of $h$ in terms of $r$ so that the sphere remains on the track all the way around the loop.
(b) Find the minimum value of $h$ if, instead, the sphere rolls without slipping on the track.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:42

Problem 66

A hollow cylinder, of radius $R$ and mass $M$, rolls without slipping down a loop-the-loop track of radius $r$. The cylinder starts from rest at a height $h$ above the horizontal section of track. What is the minimum value of $h$ so that the cylinder remains on the track all the way around the loop?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
11:40

Problem 67

If the hollow cylinder of Problem 66 is replaced with a solid sphere, will the minimum value of $h$ increase, decrease, or remain the same? Once you think you know the answer and can explain why, redo the calculation to find $h$.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:54

Problem 68

The string in a yo-yo is wound around an axle of radius $0.500 \mathrm{~cm}$. The yo-yo has both rotational and translational motion, like a rolling object, and has mass $0.200 \mathrm{~kg}$ and outer radius $2.00 \mathrm{~cm} .$ Starting from rest, it rotates and falls a distance of $1.00 \mathrm{~m}$ (the length of the string). Assume for simplicity that the yo-yo is a uniform circular disk and that the string is thin compared to the radius of the axle.
(a) What is the speed of the yo-yo when it reaches the distance of $1.00 \mathrm{~m} ?$ (b) How long does it take to fall? [Hint:
The translational and rotational kinetic energies are related, but the yo-yo is not rolling on its outer radius.]

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 69

A turntable of mass $5.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ has a radius of $0.100 \mathrm{~m}$ and spins with a frequency of $0.550 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. What is its angular momentum? Assume the turntable is a uniform disk.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:14

Problem 70

Assume the Earth is a uniform solid sphere with radius of $6.37 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m}$ and mass of $5.97 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{~kg}$. Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the Earth due to rotation about its axis.

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
02:52

Problem 71

The mass of a flywheel is $5.6 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~kg}$. This particular flywheel has its mass concentrated at the rim of the wheel. If the radius of the wheel is $2.6 \mathrm{~m}$ and it is rotating at $350 \mathrm{rpm}$, what is the magnitude of its angular momentum?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 72

The angular momentum of a spinning wheel is $240 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$. After application of a constant braking torque for $2.5 \mathrm{~s}$, it slows and has a new angular momentum of $115 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$. What is the torque applied?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
01:07

Problem 73

How long would a braking torque of $4.00 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ have to act to just stop a spinning wheel that has an initial angular momentum of $6.40 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$ ?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
01:27

Problem 74

A figure skater is spinning at a rate of $1.0 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$ with her arms outstretched. She then draws her arms in to her chest, reducing her rotational inertia to $67 \%$ of its original value. What is her new rate of rotation?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
02:52

Problem 75

A skater is initially spinning at a rate of $10.0 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$ with a rotational inertia of $2.50 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ when her arms are extended. What is her angular velocity after she pulls her arms in and reduces her rotational inertia to $1.60 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} ?$

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:25

Problem 76

A uniform disk with a mass of $800 \mathrm{~g}$ and radius $17.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ is rotating on frictionless bearings with an angular speed of $18.0 \mathrm{~Hz}$ when Jill drops a $120-\mathrm{g}$ clod of clay on a point $8.00 \mathrm{~cm}$ from the center of the disk, where it sticks. What is the new angular speed of the disk?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
01:35

Problem 77

A spoked wheel with a radius of $40.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ and a mass of $2.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ is mounted horizontally on frictionless bearings. JiaJun puts his $0.500-\mathrm{kg}$ guinea pig on the outer edge of the wheel. The guinea pig begins to run along the edge of the wheel with a speed of $20.0 \mathrm{~cm} / \mathrm{s}$ with respect to the ground. What is the angular velocity of the wheel? Assume the spokes of the wheel have negligible mass.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
01:42

Problem 78

A diver can change his rotational inertia by drawing his arms and legs close to his body in the tuck position. After he leaves the diving board (with some unknown angular velocity), he pulls himself into a ball as closely as possible and makes $2.00$ complete rotations in $1.33 \mathrm{~s}$. If his rotational inertia decreases by a factor of $3.00$ when he goes from the straight to the tuck position, what was his angular velocity when he left the diving board?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
03:27

Problem 79

The rotational inertia for a diver in a pike position is about $15.5 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$; it is only $8.0 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ in a tuck position. (a) If the diver gives himself an initial angular momentum of $106 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$ as he jumps off the board, how many turns can he make when jumping off a $10.0-\mathrm{m}$ platform in a tuck position? (b) How many in a pike position? [Hint: Gravity exerts no torque on the person as he falls; assume he is rotating throughout the $10.0-\mathrm{m}$ dive.]

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
08:18

Problem 80

Consider the merry-go-round of Practice Problem $8.1 .$ The child is initially standing on the ground when the merry-go-round is rotating at $0.75 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. The child then steps on the merry-go-round. How fast is the merry-goround rotating now? By how much did the rotational kinetic energy of the merry-go-round and child change?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
11:48

Problem 81

If the cylinder rotates at $300.0 \mathrm{rpm}$, what is the magnitude of the average torque required to tilt its axis by $60.0^{\circ}$ in a time of $3.00$ s? [Hint: Draw a vector diagram of the initial and final angular momenta.]

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:39

Problem 82

How should the disk be oriented to prevent rocking from side to side and from bow to stern? Does this orientation make it difficult to steer the ship? Explain.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
06:05

Problem 83

The Moon's distance from Earth varies between $3.56 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~km}$ at perigee and $4.07 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~km}$ at apogee. What is the ratio of its orbital speed around Earth at perigee to that apogee?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:48

Problem 84

A ceiling fan has four blades, each with a mass of $0.35 \mathrm{~kg}$ and a length of $60 \mathrm{~cm}$. Model each blade as a rod connected to the fan axle at one end. When the fan is turned on, it takes $4.35 \mathrm{~s}$ for the fan to reach its final angular speed of $1.8$ rev/s. What torque was applied to the fan by the motor? Ignore torque due to the air.

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
02:17

Problem 85

The distance from the center of the breastbone to a man's hand, with the arm outstretched and horizontal to the floor, is $1.0 \mathrm{~m}$. The man is holding a $10.0-\mathrm{kg}$ dumbbell, oriented vertically, in his hand, with the arm horizontal. What is the torque due to this weight about a horizontal axis through the breastbone perpendicular to his chest?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
06:34

Problem 86

A uniform rod of length $L$ is free to pivot around an axis through its upper end. If it is released from rest when horizontal, at what speed is the lower end moving at its lowest point? [Hint: The gravitational potential energy change is determined by the change in height of the center of gravity.]

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
06:24

Problem 87

A gymnast is performing a giant swing on the high bar. In a simplified model of the giant swing, assume that the gymnast keeps his arms and body straight as he swings all the way around the upper bar. Assume also that the gymnast does no work during the swing. With what angular speed should he be moving at the bottom of the giant swing in order to make it all the way around? The distance from the bar to his feet is $2.0 \mathrm{~m}$ and his center of gravity is $1.0 \mathrm{~m}$ from his feet.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
05:18

Problem 88

The $12.2-\mathrm{m}$ crane weighs $18 \mathrm{kN}$ and is lifting a $67-\mathrm{kN}$ load. The hoisting cable (tension $T_{1}$ ) passes over a pulley at the top of the crane and attaches to an electric winch in the cab. The pendant cable (tension $T_{2}$ ), which supports the crane, is fixed to the top of the crane. Find the tensions in the two cables and the force $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{p}}$ at the pivot.

Nafis Fuad
Nafis Fuad
Numerade Educator
05:50

Problem 89

A collection of objects is set to rolling, without slipping, down a slope inclined at $30^{\circ} .$ The objects are a solid sphere, a hollow sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hollow cylinder. A frictionless cube is also allowed to slide down the same incline. Which one gets to the bottom first? List the others in the order they arrive at the finish line.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:44

Problem 90

A uniform cylinder with a radius of $15 \mathrm{~cm}$ has been attached to two cords and the cords are wound around it and hung from the ceiling. The cylinder is released from rest and the cords unwind as the cylinder descends. (a) What is the acceleration of the cylinder? (b) If the mass of the cylinder is $2.6 \mathrm{~kg}$, what is the tension in each cord?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
02:15

Problem 91

A modern sculpture has a large horizontal spring, with a spring constant of $275 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}$, that is attached to a $53.0-\mathrm{kg}$ piece of uniform metal at its end and holds the metal at an angle of $50.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal direction. The other end of the metal is wedged into a corner as shown. By how much has the spring stretched?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
03:54

Problem 92

A painter (mass $61 \mathrm{~kg}$ ) is walking along a trestle, consisting of a uniform plank (mass $20.0 \mathrm{~kg}$,
length $6.00 \mathrm{~m}$ ) balanced on two sawhorses. Each sawhorse is $\begin{array}{lll}\text { placed } & 1.40 \mathrm{~m}\end{array}$ from an end of the plank. A paint bucket (mass $4.0 \mathrm{~kg}$, diameter $28 \mathrm{~cm}$ ) is placed as close as possible to the right-hand edge of the plank while still having the whole bucket in contact with the plank. (a) How close to the right-hand edge of the plank can the painter walk before tipping the plank and spilling the paint? (b) How close to the left-hand edge can the same painter walk before causing the plank to tip? [Hint: As the painter walks toward the right-hand edge of the plank and the plank starts to tip clockwise, what is the force acting upward on the plank from the left-hand sawhorse support?]

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
08:12

Problem 93

An experimental flywheel, used to store energy and replace an automobile engine, is a solid disk of mass $200.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ and radius $0.40 \mathrm{~m}$. (a) What is its rotational inertia? (b) When driving at $22.4 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}(50 \mathrm{mph})$, the fully energized flywheel is rotating at an angular speed of $3160 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$. What is the initial rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel? (c) If the total mass of the car is $1000.0 \mathrm{~kg}$, find the ratio of the initial rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel to the translational kinetic energy of the car. (d) If the force of air resistance on the car is $670.0 \mathrm{~N}$, how far can the car travel at a speed of $22.4 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}(50 \mathrm{mph})$ with the initial stored energy? Ignore losses of mechanical energy due to means other than air resistance.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
09:01

Problem 94

(a) Assume the Earth is a uniform solid sphere. Find the kinetic energy of the Earth due to its rotation about its axis. (b) Suppose we could somehow extract $1.0 \%$ of the Earth's rotational kinetic energy to use for other purposes. By how much would that change the length of the day? (c) For how many years would $1.0 \%$ of the Earth's rotational kinetic energy supply the world's energy usage (assume a constant $1.0 \times 10^{21}$ J per year)?

Urvashi Arora
Urvashi Arora
Numerade Educator
15:22

Problem 95

A flat object in the $x y$ -plane is free to rotate about the z-axis. The gravitational field is uniform in the $-y$ -direction. Think of the object as a large number of particles with masses $m_{i}$ located at coordinates $\left(x_{i}, y_{i}\right)$ as in the figure. (a) Show that the torques on the particles about the $z$ -axis can be written $\tau_{i}=-x_{i} m_{i} g .$ (b) Show that if the center of gravity is located at $\left(x_{\mathrm{CG}}, y_{\mathrm{CG}}\right)$, the total torque due to gravity on the object must be $\Sigma \tau_{i}=-x_{\mathrm{CG}} M g$, where $M$ is the total mass of the object.
(c) Show that $x_{\mathrm{CG}}=x_{\mathrm{CM}}$. (This same line of reasoning can be applied to objects that are not flat and to other axes of rotation to show that $y_{C G}=y_{C M}$ and $\left.z_{C G}=z_{C M} .\right)$

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:38

Problem 96

The operation of the Princeton Tokomak Fusion Test Reactor requires large bursts of energy. The power needed exceeds the amount that can be supplied by the utility company. Prior to pulsing the reactor, energy is stored in a giant flywheel of mass $7.27 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~kg}$ and rotational inertia $4.55 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$. The flywheel rotates at a maximum angular speed of $386 \mathrm{rpm}$. When the stored energy is needed to operate the reactor, the flywheel is connected to an electrical generator, which converts some of the rotational kinetic energy into electric energy. (a) If the flywheel is a uniform disk, what is its radius? (b) If the flywheel is a hollow cylinder with its mass concentrated at the rim, what is its radius? (c) If the flywheel slows to $252 \mathrm{rpm}$ in $5.00 \mathrm{~s}$, what is the average power supplied by the flywheel during that time?

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
16:40

Problem 97

A box of mass $42 \mathrm{~kg}$ sits on top of a ladder. Ignoring the weight of the ladder, find the tension in the rope. Assume that the rope exerts horizontal forces on the ladder at each end.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 98

A person is trying to lift a ladder of mass $15 \mathrm{~kg}$ and length $8.0 \mathrm{~m}$. The person is exerting a vertical force on the ladder at a point of contact $2.0 \mathrm{~m}$ from the center of gravity. The opposite end of the ladder rests on the floor. (a) When the ladder makes an angle of $60.0^{\circ}$ with the floor, what is this vertical force? (b) A person tries to help by lifting the ladder at the point of contact with the floor. Does this help the person trying to lift the ladder? Explain.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:26

Problem 99

A crustacean (Hemisquilla ensigera) rotates its anterior limb to strike a mollusk, intending to break it open. The limb reaches an angular velocity of $175 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$ in $1.50 \mathrm{~ms}$. We can approximate the limb as a thin rod rotating about an axis perpendicular to one end (the joint where the limb attaches to the crustacean). (a) If the mass of the limb is $28.0 \mathrm{~g}$ and the length is $3.80 \mathrm{~cm}$, what is the rotational inertia of the limb about that axis? (b) If the extensor muscle is $3.00 \mathrm{~mm}$ from the joint and acts perpendicular to the limb, what is the muscular force required to achieve the blow?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:57

Problem 100

A block of mass $m_{2}$ hangs from a rope. The rope wraps around a pulley of rotational inertia $I$ and then attaches to a second block of mass $m_{1}$, which sits on a frictionless table. What is the acceleration of the blocks when they are released?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:27

Problem 101

A $2.0-\mathrm{kg}$ uniform flat disk is thrown into the air with a linear speed of $10.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. As it travels, the disk spins at $3.0 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. If the radius of the disk is $10.0 \mathrm{~cm}$, what is the magnitude of its angular momentum?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 102

A hoop of $2.00-\mathrm{m}$ circumference is rolling down an inclined plane of length $10.0 \mathrm{~m}$ in a time of $10.0 \mathrm{~s}$. It started out from rest. (a) What is its angular velocity when it arrives at the bottom? (b) If the mass of the hoop, concentrated at the rim, is $1.50 \mathrm{~kg}$, what is the angular momentum of the hoop when it reaches the bottom of the incline? (c) What force(s) supplied the net torque to change the hoop's angular momentum? Explain. [Hint: Use a rotation axis through the hoop's center.] (d) What is the magnitude of this force?

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
05:39

Problem 103

A large clock has a second hand with a mass of $0.10 \mathrm{~kg}$ concentrated at the tip of the pointer. (a) If the length of the second hand is $30.0 \mathrm{~cm}$, what is its angular momentum? (b) The same clock has an hour hand with a mass of $0.20 \mathrm{~kg}$ concentrated at the tip of the pointer. If the hour hand has a length of $20.0 \mathrm{~cm}$, what is its angular momentum?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:32

Problem 104

A planet moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (see Fig. 8.39). (a) Show that the external torque acting on the planet about an axis through the Sun is zero. (b) Since the torque is zero, the planet's angular momentum is constant. Write an expression for the planet's angular momentum in terms of its mass $m$, its distance $r$ from the Sun, and its angular velocity $\omega$. (c) Given $r$ and $\omega$, how much area is swept out during a short time $\Delta t ?$ [Hint: Think of the area as a fraction of the area of a circle, like a slice of pie; if $\Delta t$ is short enough, the radius of the orbit during that time is nearly constant.] (d) Show that the area swept out per unit time is constant. You have just proved Kepler's second law!

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
06:04

Problem 105

A $68-\mathrm{kg}$ woman stands straight with both feet flat on the floor. Her center of gravity is a horizontal distance of $3.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ in front of a line that connects her two ankle joints. The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscle to the foot a distance of $4.4 \mathrm{~cm}$ behind the ankle joint. If the Achilles tendon is inclined at an angle of $81^{\circ}$ with respect to the horizontal, find the force that each calf muscle needs to exert while she is standing.

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:17

Problem 106

A merry-go-round (radius $R$, rotational inertia $I_{\mathrm{i}}$ ) spins with negligible friction. Its initial angular velocity is $\omega_{\mathrm{i}} .$ A child (mass $m$ ) on the merry-go-round moves from the center out to the rim. (a) Calculate the angular velocity after the child moves out to the rim. (b) Calculate the rotational kinetic energy and angular momentum of the system (merry-go-round + child) before and after.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
11:16

Problem 107

107. Since humans are generally not symmetrically shaped, the height of our center of gravity is generally not half of our height. One way to determine the location of the center of gravity is shown in the diagram. A $2.2-\mathrm{m}$ -long uniform plank is supported by two bathroom scales, one at either end. Initially the scales each read $100.0 \mathrm{~N}$. A $1.60-\mathrm{m}$ -tall student then lies on top of the plank, with the soles of his feet directly above scale $\mathrm{B}$. Now scale A reads $394.0 \mathrm{~N}$ and scale $\mathrm{B}$ reads $541.0 \mathrm{~N}$. (a) What is the student's weight? (b) How far is his center of gravity from the soles of his feet? (c) When standing, how far above the floor is his center of gravity, expressed as a fraction of his height?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 108

A spool of thread of mass $m$ rests on a plane inclined at angle $\theta$. The end of the thread is tied as shown. The outer radius of the spool is $R$ and the inner radius (where the thread is wound) is $r .$ The rotational inertia of the spool is $I$. Give all answers in terms of $m$, $\theta, R, r, I$, and $g .$ (a) If there is no friction between the spool and the incline, describe the motion of the spool and calculate its acceleration. (b) If the coefficient of friction is large enough to keep the spool from slipping, calculate the magnitude and direction of the frictional force. (c) What is the minimum possible coefficient of friction to keep the spool from slipping in part (b)?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
03:01

Problem 109

A bicycle travels up an incline at constant velocity. The magnitude of the frictional force due to the road on the rear wheel is $f=3.8 \mathrm{~N}$. The upper section of chain pulls on the sprocket wheel, which is attached to the rear wheel, with a force $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{C}}$. The lower section of chain is slack. If the radius of the rear wheel is $6.0$ times the radius of the sprocket wheel, what is the magnitude of the force $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{C}}$ with which the chain pulls?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
07:39

Problem 110

A circus roustabout is attaching the circus tent to the top of the main support post of length $L$ when the post suddenly breaks at the base. The worker's weight is negligible relative to that of the uniform post. What is the speed with which the roustabout reaches the ground if (a) he jumps at the instant he hears the post crack or $(\mathrm{b})$ if he clings to the post and rides to the ground with it? (c) Which is the safest course of action for the roustabout?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
08:23

Problem 111

A student stands on a platform that is free to rotate and holds two dumbbells, each at a distance of $65 \mathrm{~cm}$ from his central axis. Another student gives him a push and starts the system of student, dumbbells, and platform rotating at $0.50 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}$. The student on the platform then pulls the dumbbells in close to his chest so that they are each $22 \mathrm{~cm}$ from his central axis. Each dumbbell has a mass of $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ and the rotational inertia of the student, platform, and dumbbells is initially $2.40 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$. Model each arm as a uniform rod of mass $3.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ with one
end at the central axis; the length of the arm is initially $65 \mathrm{~cm}$ and then is reduced to $22 \mathrm{~cm}$. What is his new rate of rotation?

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
03:10

Problem 112

A person places his hand palm downward on $a$ scale and pushes down on the scale until it reads $96 \mathrm{~N}$. The triceps muscle is responsible for this arm extension force. Find the force exerted by the triceps muscle. The bottom of the triceps muscle is $2.5 \mathrm{~cm}$ to the left of the elbow joint and the palm is pushing at approximately $38 \mathrm{~cm}$ to the right of the elbow joint.

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
12:11

Problem 113

The posture of small animals may prevent them from being blown over by the wind. For example, with wind blowing from the side, a small insect stands with bent legs; the more bent the legs, the lower the body and the smaller the angle $\theta$. The wind exerts a force on the insect, which causes a torque about the point where the downwind feet touch. The torque due to the weight of the insect must be equal and opposite to keep the insect from being blown over. For example, the drag force on a blowfly due to a sideways wind is $F_{\text {wind }}=c A v^{2}$, where $v$ is the velocity of the wind, $A$ is the cross-sectional area on which the wind is blowing, and $c=1.3 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{-4}$.
(a) If the blowfly has a cross-sectional side area of $0.10 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$, a mass of $0.070 \mathrm{~g}$, and crouches such that $\theta=30.0^{\circ}$, what is the maximum wind speed in which the blowfly can stand? (Assume that the drag force acts at the center of gravity.) (b) How about if it stands such that $\theta=80.0^{\circ} ?$ (c) Compare to the maximum wind velocity that a dog can withstand, if the dog stands such that $\theta=80.0^{\circ}$, has a cross-sectional area of $0.030 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$, and weighs $10.0 \mathrm{~kg}$. (Assume the same value of $c$.)

Mark Mathison
Mark Mathison
Numerade Educator
01:51

Problem 114

(a) Redo Example $8.7$ to find an algebraic solution for $d$ in terms of $M, m, \mu_{s}, L$, and $\theta$. (b) Use this expression to show that placing the ladder at a larger angle $\theta$ (that is, more nearly vertical) enables the person to climb farther up the ladder without having it slip, all other things being equal. (c) Using the numerical values from Example 8.7, find the minimum angle $\theta$ that enables the person to climb all the way to the top of the ladder.

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator