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Section 2
Observing Change
In words, describe the difference between sugar melting and sugar dissolving in water. The formula for sugar is $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$ .
Use chemical equations to describe the difference between sugar melting and sugar decomposing. The formula for sugar is $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$ .
Describe what you think you would observe for these chemical equations.a. $\operatorname{Mg}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(a q)$b. $2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$c. $2 \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}(s)$
Write a chemical equation for these reaction descriptions.a. Solid sodium chloride dissolves in water.b. Solid magnesium sulfide is heated to produce solid magnesium and sulfur gas.c. Solid titanium is heated in oxygen gas to produce titanium dioxide.
It's extremely dangerous to mix bleach and ammonia because highly toxic gas will form. So you should never mix these two chemicals. The two chemical reactions below describe what would happen if bleach and ammonia were mixed. If these reactions were carried out by a professional chemist using proper safety precautions in a controlled environment, what might that chemist observe in each case?$$\mathrm{NaOCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}(g)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$$$$\mathrm{NaOCl}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$$
Look up chloramine, $\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}$ , and hydrazine, $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4},$ on the Internet. Describe the toxicity of each compound.