Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology

Bradley Deline, Randa Harris, Karen Tefend

Chapter 9 Volcanoes - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Type $195348.36 \mathrm{~N} 1553458.11 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 615$ miles. The magma that resulted in the formation of these islands was generated by what process?
a. decreased pressure (arrow "b")
b. the addition of water (arrow "d", which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow "a")

Adrian Co

Numerade Educator

01:56

Problem 2

Type $501627.25 \mathrm{~N} 292205.11 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 2663$ miles. The magma generated at this location is due to:
a. decreased pressure (arrow "b")
b. the addition of water (arrow "d", which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow "a")

Adrian Co

Numerade Educator

01:56

Problem 3

Type $361146.85 \mathrm{~S} 710948.03 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 2865$ miles. The magma responsible for this volcano was generated by what process?
a. decreased pressure (arrow "b")
b. the addition of water (arrow "d", which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow "a")

Adrian Co

Numerade Educator

03:01

Problem 4

Type “San Andreas Fault” in the search bar on Google Earth; no magma is generated here, because this plate boundary is _____________________.
a. a divergent plate boundary, with decompression melting occurs
b. a convergent plate boundary, where water lowers the melting temperature of rock
c. a transform plate boundary, where no magma is produced

Brenda Sanchez

Numerade Educator

01:39

Problem 5

A(n) ________________________ at the Mid-Ocean Ridge, where oceanic plates are diverging and magma is generated by partial melting of the mantle.
a. ultramafic magma is produced b. mafic magma is produced
c. intermediate magma is produced d. felsic magma is produced

William Dunkerton

Numerade Educator

01:07

Problem 6

Type 19 28 19.70 N 155 35 31.94 W in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~119 miles. This volcano is composed of:
a. mafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the mantle below the oceanic crust
b. mafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the oceanic crust
c. ultramafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the mantle below the oceanic crust
d. ultramafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the oceanic crust

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

03:01

Problem 7

Type 35 35 08.45 S 70 45 08.22 W in the search bar in Google Earth. This volcano formed from an intermediate magma type, because:
a. subduction of oceanic crust beneath the continental crust occurs here
b. continental crust is subducting, causing magma to form
c. a hot spot is partial melting the continental crust
d. this is the result of a divergent plate boundary

Brenda Sanchez

Numerade Educator

01:07

Problem 8

Type 36 40 41.62 N 108 50 17.22 W in the search bar in Google Earth. The dark colored rock that forms a straight line on the surface is most likely:
a. a pluton of ultramafic rock
b. a dike of ultramafic rock
c. a sill of mafic rock
d. a dike of mafic rock

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

04:16

Problem 9

Intermediate lavas can flow _____ than mafic lavas, due to the _______viscosity.
a. slower, higher b. slower, lower c. faster, higher d. faster, lower

Noah Boudrie

Numerade Educator

01:54

Problem 10

Let’s relate food items to magmas of different viscosity; if we compare how honey and water flow when poured from a container:
a. then the honey represents felsic magma, and the water represents mafic magma
b. then the honey represents mafic magma, and the water represents mafic magma.

Devin Lea

Numerade Educator

00:50

Problem 11

Imagine putting the honey in the refrigerator overnight; will its viscosity be affected?
a. yes; the viscosity will increase
b. yes, the viscosity will decrease
c. no. there will be no change as the composition stays the same

David Collins

Numerade Educator

01:54

Problem 12

Keep the honey in mind while you answer this question: when it is first erupted, basalt lava typically erupts at $1200^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ;$ after flowing away from the vent, the temperature falls, therefore the viscosity of the basaltic lava will:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same

Akshaya Rs

Numerade Educator

01:07

Problem 13

Type 4325 04.18N $1133137.38 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar of Google Earth. Zoom out to an eye elevation of $\sim 90$ miles. Based on the size of the area which is dark colored and sparsely vegetated, this region is:
a. a basaltic dike
b. a shield volcano
c. a lava dome
d. a flood basalt

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

01:07

Problem 14

Click on the nearby photo icon (SW of your latitude/longitude coordinate in Question 13 ) to view a picture of the area as seen from the ground. This is a picture of:
a. a basalt flow
b. a felsic dome
c. a plutonic rock
d. an ultramafic rock

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

00:58

Problem 15

How many miles in length is this dark colored feature? (measure the greatest length)
a. ~8 miles b. ~20 miles c. ~40 miles d. ~50 miles

Rylie Howey

Numerade Educator

15:47

Problem 16

Type $461207.84 \mathrm{~N} 1213102.85 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar of Google Earth. This volcano (Mt. Adams) has a lot of snow cover and small glaciers on it, but you can still see the volcanic rock, especially on the eastern flank (side) of the volcano. Zoom in to an eye altitude of $\sim$ goooft to closely examine the rocks on this eastern side of the volcano; do you see any evidence of layering? This volcano is:
a. a shield volcano
b. a lava dome
c. a composite volcano
d. a large volcanic dike

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

04:57

Problem 17

How tall is Mt. Adams, and what is the length of its base (in the widest, N-S dimension)? You will need to zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 17$ miles to measure the base.
a. $\sim 12,290 \mathrm{ft}$ above sea level, and over 7 miles long
b. $\sim 11,890 \mathrm{ft}$ above sea level, and over 4 miles long
c. at least $12,703 \mathrm{ft}$ above sea level, and over 6 miles long
d. unable to determine because of the ice

Shahab Ullah

Numerade Educator

02:47

Problem 18

Compared to the Big Island of Hawaii $(195348.36 \mathrm{~N} 1553458.11 \mathrm{~W}$, or refer to Figure $9.6$ ), which is actually the volcano Mauna Loa, Mt. Adams is:
a. the same height, but the base is a lot smaller
b. the same height, but the base is a lot wider
c. smaller in height, and smaller at the base
d. smaller in height, but larger at the base

Jay Patel

Numerade Educator

04:18

Problem 19

Type in $581558.56 \mathrm{~N} 155$ og $35.98 \mathrm{~W}$ in the search bar of Google Earth. Examine the shape of this feature by zooming in to an eye altitude of $\sim 3330 \mathrm{ft} ;$ use the eye icon in the upper right corner to rotate the view. Now zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 7306 \mathrm{ft}$ to see the entire structure and the surrounding area. Based on the size and appearance of this volcanic feature, this is a:
a. dike
b. shield volcano
c. lava dome
d. flood basalt

Nidhi Garg

Numerade Educator

02:17

Problem 20

Type Mount St. Helens, WA in the search bar in Google Earth and examine the crater at an eye altitude of $\sim 26,000 \mathrm{ft} .$ Based on the appearance of the crater:
a. a lahar removed the north side of the volcano
b. a pyroclastic eruption removed the north side of the volcano
c. a lava dome grew so large that it is higher than the north side of the crater
d. a glacier has eroded the north side of the crater

Jay Patel

Numerade Educator

01:11

Problem 21

Type Mount Rainier, WA in the search bar in Google Earth. The Carbon River flows from the north part of Mount Rainier (fed by meltwater from the Carbon Glacier on the flank of the volcano). At an eye altitude of $\sim 20,000 \mathrm{ft}$, follow the course of the Carbon River, past the town of Carbonado and stop at the town of Orting. Based on the locations of these two towns, which do you think is in danger from a lahar?
a. Both are in danger of lahars
b. Carbonado, because it is closer to Mount Rainier
c. Orting, because it is in a low lying area along Carbon River
d. Neither one is in danger because Mount Rainier is dormant

Kudakwashe Mapiki

Numerade Educator