Section 1
Universal Gravitation
Compare the gravitational force that (a) the earth exerts on an $84.3-\mathrm{kg}$ person and (b) the force that the sun exerts on the same person.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and the earth.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and Mercury.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and Jupiter.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and Pluto.
Explain why the gravitational force between the sun and Jupiter is greater than the gravitational force between the sun and the earth even though the sun and the earth are much closer to one another than are the sun and Jupiter.
A satellite is orbiting $3.22 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~m}$ above the surface of the earth. If the mass of the satellite is $3.80 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~kg},$ what is the weight or gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth?
If the satellite in Problem 7 is orbiting at twice its original distance from the earth, what would be the weight or gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth?
What is the gravitational force exerted between an electron $\left(m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}\right)$ and a proton $\left(m=1.67 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right.$ ) in a hydrogen atom where the distance between the electron and proton is $5.3 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m} ?$
The Apollo 16 lunar module had a mass of $4240 \mathrm{~kg} .$ Using Newton's law of universal gravitation, find its weight (a) on the earth and (b) on the moon.