Chapter Questions
Kidneys control blood pH by excretinga. $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$b. $\mathrm{H}^{+}$c. Both a and b are correct.d. Neither a nor b is correct.
Urea is a by-product of _____ metabolisma. glucoseb. saltc. fatd. amino acid
Urinary tract infections are usually caused bya. viruses.b. bacteria.c. fungi.d. None of these are correct.
Amino acid breakdown in the liver releasesa. ammonia.b. glucose.c. fats.d. $-\mathrm{cOOH}$
Breakdown of _____ produces _____, which can cause _____.a. proteins, fats, goutb. nucleotides, ammonia, high blood pressurec. nucleotides, uric acid, goutd. fats, acids, diabetes
An _____ artery exits the glomerulus.a. afferentb. efferentc. Both a and b are correct.d. Neither a nor b is correct.
_____ can act as a buffer in urine.a. Glucoseb. Ammoniac. Amino acidsd. $\mathrm{NaOH}$
Which of these functions of the kidneys are mismatched?a. excretes metabolic wastes- rids the body of ureab. maintains the water-salt balance- helps regulate blood pressurec. maintains the acid-base balance- rids the body of uric acidd. secretes hormones-secretes erythropoietine. All of these are properly matched.
Considering the parts of the nephron involved in urine formation from start to finish, which of these is listed out of order first?a. glomerular capsuleb. proximal convoluted tubulec. distal convoluted tubuled. loop of the nephron
Which hormone causes a rise in blood pressure?a. aldosteroneb. oxytocinc. erythropoietind. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Excretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is most associated with thea. glomerular capsule and the tubules.b. proximal convoluted tubule only.c. loop of the nephron and collecting duct.d. distal convoluted tubule and peritubular capillary.
The presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes an individual to excretea. sugars.b. less water.c. more water.d. Both a and c are correct.
In humans, water isa. found in the glomerular filtrate.b. reabsorbed from the nephron.c. in the urine.d. All of these are correct.
Filtration is associated with thea. glomerular capsule.b. distal convoluted tubule.c. collecting duct.d. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is a structural difference between the urinary systems of males and females?a. Males have a longer urethra than females.b. In males, the urethra passes through the prostate.c. In males, the urethra serves both the urinary and reproductive systems.d. All of these are correct.
The function of erythropoietin isa. reabsorption of sodium ions.b. excretion of potassium ions.c. reabsorption of water.d. stimulation of red blood cell production.e. to increase blood pressure.
The purpose of the loop of the nephron in the process of urine formation isa. reabsorption of water.b. production of filtrate.c. reabsorption of solutes.d. secretion of solutes.
Which of the following materials would not be filtered from the blood at the glomerulus?a. waterb. ureac. proteind. glucosee. sodium ions
Which of the following materials would not be maximally reabsorbed from the filtrate?a. waterb. glucosec. sodium ionsd. ureae. amino acids
The renal medulla has a striped appearance due to the presence of which structures?a. loop of the nephronb. collecting ductc. peritubular capillariesd. Both a and b are correct.
By what transport process are most molecules secreted from the blood into the tubule?a. osmosisb. diffusionc. active transportd. facilitated diffusion
In males, thea. urethra carries semen during ejaculation.b. prostate gland plays a role in urine formation.c. sperm are diluted by urine in the urethra.d. posterior pituitary plays a role in urine formation.
The cells of the distal convoluted tubulea. have many mitochondria.b. lack microvilli.c. can move molecules from the blood to the tubules.d. All of these are correct.
$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ can be converted toa. $\mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$b. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}$c. Both a and b are correct.d. Neither a nor b is correct.
How much sodium filtered from the glomerulus is returned to the blood?a. $99 \%$b. $75 \%$c. $25 \%$d. $10 \%$
_____ reabsorption from the nephrons is, ordinarily, 100%.a. Sodiumb. Glucosec. Waterd. Urea
Urine transport follows which order?a. kidneys, urethra, bladder, ureterb. kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethrac. bladder, kidneys, ureter, urethrad. urethra, kidneys, ureter, bladder
_____ is the elimination of metabolic waste, and _____ is the elimination of undigested food.
a. Excretion, absorptionb. Defecation, excretionc. Excretion, defecationd. None of these are correct.
The use of an artificial kidney is known asa. filtration.b. excretion.c. hemodialysis.d. None of these are correct.
Label the following diagram of the urinary system and nearby blood vessels.
Label the following diagram of the kidneys.
Which of these associations is mismatched?a. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)-secreted by the heartb. renin-secreted by the brainc. aldosterone-secreted by the adrenal cortexd. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-secreted by the posterior pituitary