Human Biology

Sylvia S. Mader

Chapter 10 Urinary System and Excretion - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

01:01

Problem 1

Describe the path of urine and the structure of each organ mentioned. (pages $208-09$ ).

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:33

Problem 2

In what ways do the four functions of the urinary system contribute to homeostasis? (pages $209-10$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:40

Problem 3

Describe the macroscopic structure of the kidney. (page 212 )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:30

Problem 4

Trace the path of blood into and out of the kidney. (pages $212-13$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:50

Problem 5

Name the parts of a nephron, and describe the structure of each part. (pages $213-14)$

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:43

Problem 6

Why would it be proper to associate glucose with the first two processes involved in urine formation but not the third process? (pages $215-16$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:32

Problem 7

Explain how a hypertonic urine can be formed, detailing where and how salt and water move, and the influence of hormones on the process. (pages $218-20$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

01:03

Problem 8

Describe three ways that the body maintains the acid-base balance of body fluids. (pages $220-22$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:22

Problem 9

Explain how an artificial kidney machine and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis work to cleanse the blood. (pages $222-23$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:42

Problem 10

How do the kidneys assist other body systems? (pages $224-25$ )

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:22

Which of the following is a structural difference between the urinary systems of males and females?
a. Males have a longer urethra than females.
b. In males, the urethra passes through the prostate.
c. In males, the urethra serves both the urinary and reproductive systems.
d. All of these are correct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:20

Problem 12

Which of these is found in the renal medulla?
a. loop of the nephron
b. collecting ducts
c. peritubular capillaries
d. All of these are correct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:32

Problem 13

Which of these functions of the kidneys are mismatched?
a. excretes metabolic wastes-rids the body of urea
b. maintains the water-salt balance-helps regulate blood pressure
c. maintains the acid-base balance-rids the body of uric acid
d. secretes hormones-secretes erythropoietin
e. All of these are correct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:19

Problem 14

Which of the following is not correct?
a. Uric acid is produced from the breakdown of amino acids.
b. Creatinine is produced from breakdown reactions in the muscles.
c. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste of humans.
d. Ammonia results from the deamination of amino acids.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:42

Problem 15

Which part of a nephron is out of sequence first?
a. glomerular capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. loop of the nephron
e. collecting duct

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:23

Problem 16

Which portion of the nephron has cells with a brush border and many mitochondria?
a. glomerular capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. loop of the nephron
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting duct

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:21

Problem 17

When tracing the path of filtrate, the loop of the nephron follows which structure?
a. collecting duct
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. proximal convoluted tubule
d. glomerulus
e. renal pelvis

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:25

Problem 18

When tracing the path of blood, the blood vessel that follows the renal artery is the
a. peritubular capillary.
d. renal vein.
b. efferent arteriole.
e. glomerulus.
c. afferent arteriole.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:15

Problem 19

The function of the descending limb of the loop of the nephron in the process of urine formation is
a. reabsorption of water
c. reabsorption of solutes.
b. production of filtrate.
d. secretion of solutes.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:24

Problem 20

Which of the following materials would not normally be filtered from the blood at the glomerulus?
a. water
b. urea
c. protein
d. glucose
e. sodium ions

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:16

Problem 21

Which of the following materials would not be maximally reabsorbed from the filtrate?
a. water
b. glucose
c. sodium ions
d. urea
e. amino acids

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:23

Problem 22

By what process are most molecules secreted from the blood into the tubule?
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. facilitated diffusion

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:32

Problem 23

Reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate occurs primarily at the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. distal convoluted tubule.
c. loop of the nephron.
d. collecting duct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:48

Problem 24

A countercurrent mechanism draws water from the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending limb of the loop of the nephron.
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. collecting duct
e. Both b and d are correct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:29

Problem 25

Sodium is actively extruded from which part of the nephron?
a. descending portion of the proximal convoluted tubule
b. ascending portion of the loop of the nephron
c. ascending portion of the distal convoluted tubule
d. descending portion of the collecting duct

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

02:25

Problem 26

Excretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is best associated with the
a. glomerular capsule and the tubules.
b. proximal convoluted tubule only.
c. loop of the nephron and collecting duct.
d. distal convoluted tubule and peritubular capillary.

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

01:37

Problem 27

Which of these hormones is most likely to directly cause a drop in blood pressure?
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c. erythropoietin
d. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

00:29

Problem 28

The presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes an individual to excrete
a. sugars.
b. less water.
c. more water.
d. Both a and c are correct.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:26

Problem 29

To lower blood acidity,
a. hydrogen ions are excreted, and bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
b. hydrogen ions are reabsorbed, and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
c. hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
d. hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
e. urea, uric acid, and ammonia are excreted.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:18

Problem 30

The function of erythropoietin is
a. reabsorption of sodium ions.
b. excretion of potassium ions.
c. reabsorption of water.
d. to stimulate red blood cell production.
e. to increase blood pressure.

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

00:46

Problem 31

Match the function of the urinary system to the human organ system in the key.
a. muscular system
b. nervous system
c. endocrine system
d. cardiovascular system
e. respiratory system
f. digestive system
g. reproductive system
Liver synthesizes urea.