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Nursing School Entrance Exams Prep - Your All-in-One Guide to the Kaplan and HESI Exams (Kaplan Test Prep), 10e (May 2, 2023)_(1506290361)_(Kaplan Test Prep)

Kaplan Test Prep

Chapter 5

Writing Review - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

03:11

Problem 1

${ }^1$ Most people think the Hula-Hoop was a fad born in the 1950 s, but in fact people were doing much the same thing with circular hoops made from grapevines and stiff grasses all over the ancient world. ${ }^2$ More than 3,000 years ago, children in Egypt played with large hoops of dried grapevines. ${ }^3$ The toy was propelled along the ground with a stick or swung around at the waist. ${ }^4$ The word hula became associated with the toy in the early 1800 s when British sailors visited the Hawaiian Islands and noted the similarity between hooping and hula dancing. ${ }^5$ In 1957, an Australian company began making wood rings for sale in retail stores. ${ }^6$ The item attracted the attention of Wham-O, a fledgling California toy manufacturer. ${ }^7$ The plastic Hula-Hoop was introduced in 1958 and was an instant hit.
Where should the following sentence be added?
During the fourteenth century, a "hooping" craze swept England and was as popular among adults as kids.
(A) After sentence 2 .
(B) After sentence 3 .
(C) After sentence 4 .
(D) After sentence 5 .

Brenda Sanchez
Brenda Sanchez
Numerade Educator
03:21

Problem 2

${ }^1$ Most people think the Hula-Hoop was a fad born in the 1950 s, but in fact people were doing much the same thing with circular hoops made from grapevines and stiff grasses all over the ancient world. ${ }^2$ More than 3,000 years ago, children in Egypt played with large hoops of dried grapevines. ${ }^3$ The toy was propelled along the ground with a stick or swung around at the waist. ${ }^4$ The word hula became associated with the toy in the early 1800 s when British sailors visited the Hawaiian Islands and noted the similarity between hooping and hula dancing. ${ }^5$ In 1957, an Australian company began making wood rings for sale in retail stores. ${ }^6$ The item attracted the attention of Wham-O, a fledgling California toy manufacturer. ${ }^7$ The plastic Hula-Hoop was introduced in 1958 and was an instant hit.

Which of the following best describes how the information in the paragraph is presented?
(A) In order of importance.
(B) By geographic region.
(C) In chronological order.
(D) By comparing and contrasting.

Meghan Mulcahy
Meghan Mulcahy
Numerade Educator
04:16

Problem 3

${ }^1$ Migration of animal populations from one region to another is called faunal interchange. ${ }^2$ Concentrations of species across regional boundaries vary, however, prompting zoologists to classify routes along which penetrations of new regions occur. ${ }^3$ A corridor, like the vast stretch of land from Alaska to the southeastern United States, is equivalent to a path of least resistance. ${ }^4$ Relative ease of migration often results in the presence of related species along the entire length of a corridor; bear populations, unknown in South America, occur throughout the North American corridor. ${ }^5$ However, fossils show that bears were present in South America hundreds of thousands of
years ago. ${ }^6 \mathrm{~A}$ desert or other barrier creates a filter route, allowing only a segment of a faunal group to pass. ${ }^7 \mathrm{~A}$ sweepstakes route presents so formidable a barrier that penetration is unlikely. ${ }^8$ It differs from other routes, which may be crossed by species with sufficient adaptive capability. ${ }^9$ As the name suggests, negotiation of a sweepstakes route depends almost exclusively on chance, rather than on physical attributes and adaptability.
Which sentence contains unnecessary or irrelevant information and should be removed?
(A) Sentence 2.
(B) Sentence 4 .
(C) Sentence 5 .
(D) Sentence 8 .

Danielle Ashley
Danielle Ashley
Numerade Educator
03:28

Problem 4

${ }^1$ Migration of animal populations from one region to another is called faunal interchange. ${ }^2$ Concentrations of species across regional boundaries vary, however, prompting zoologists to classify routes along which penetrations of new regions occur. ${ }^3$ A corridor, like the vast stretch of land from Alaska to the southeastern United States, is equivalent to a path of least resistance. ${ }^4$ Relative ease of migration often results in the presence of related species along the entire length of a corridor; bear populations, unknown in South America, occur throughout the North American corridor. ${ }^5$ However, fossils show that bears were present in South America hundreds of thousands of
years ago. ${ }^6 \mathrm{~A}$ desert or other barrier creates a filter route, allowing only a segment of a faunal group to pass. ${ }^7 \mathrm{~A}$ sweepstakes route presents so formidable a barrier that penetration is unlikely. ${ }^8$ It differs from other routes, which may be crossed by species with sufficient adaptive capability. ${ }^9$ As the name suggests, negotiation of a sweepstakes route depends almost exclusively on chance, rather than on physical attributes and adaptability.

What is the main purpose of this passage?
(A) To inform.
(B) To persuade.
(C) To entertain.
(D) To describe.

Brenda Sanchez
Brenda Sanchez
Numerade Educator

Problem 5

${ }^1 \mathrm{~A}$ pioneering figure in modern sociology, French social theorist Emile Durkheim examined the role of societal cohesion on emotional well-being. ${ }^2$ Believing scientific methods should be applied to the study of society, Durkheim studied the level of integration of various social formations and the impact that such cohesion had on individuals within a group. ${ }^3 \mathrm{He}$ postulated that social groups with high levels of integration serve to buffer their members from frustrations and tragedies that could otherwise lead to desperation and self-destruction. ${ }^4$ Integration, in Durkheim's view, generally arises through shared activities and values.
${ }^5$ Durkheim distinguished between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity in classifying integrated groups. ${ }^6$ Mechanical solidarity dominates in groups in which individual differences are minimized and group devotion to a common aim is high. ${ }^7$ Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity among groups with little division of labor and high rates of cultural similarity, such as among more traditional and geographically isolated groups. ${ }^8$ Organic solidarity, in contrast, prevails in groups with high levels of individual differences, such as those with a highly specialized division of labor. ${ }^9$ In such groups, individual differences are a powerful source of connection, rather than of division. ${ }^{10}$ Because people engage in highly differentiated ways of life, they are by necessity interdependent. ${ }^{11}$ In these societies, there is greater freedom from some external controls, but such freedom occurs in concert with the interdependence of individuals, not in conflict with it.
${ }^{12}$ Durkheim realized societies may take many forms and consequently that group allegiance can manifest itself in a variety of ways. ${ }^{13}$ I myself have witnessed this in my own life experiences. ${ }^{14}$ In both types of societies outlined above, however, Durkheim stressed that adherence to a common set of assumptions about the world was a necessary prerequisite for maintaining group integrity and avoiding social decay.
Which sentence contains unnecessary or irrelevant information and should be removed?
(A) Sentence 2.
(B) Sentence 6 .
(C) Sentence 9 .
(D) Sentence 13 .

Check back soon!
01:49

Problem 6

${ }^1 \mathrm{~A}$ pioneering figure in modern sociology, French social theorist Emile Durkheim examined the role of societal cohesion on emotional well-being. ${ }^2$ Believing scientific methods should be applied to the study of society, Durkheim studied the level of integration of various social formations and the impact that such cohesion had on individuals within a group. ${ }^3 \mathrm{He}$ postulated that social groups with high levels of integration serve to buffer their members from frustrations and tragedies that could otherwise lead to desperation and self-destruction. ${ }^4$ Integration, in Durkheim's view, generally arises through shared activities and values.
${ }^5$ Durkheim distinguished between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity in classifying integrated groups. ${ }^6$ Mechanical solidarity dominates in groups in which individual differences are minimized and group devotion to a common aim is high. ${ }^7$ Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity among groups with little division of labor and high rates of cultural similarity, such as among more traditional and geographically isolated groups. ${ }^8$ Organic solidarity, in contrast, prevails in groups with high levels of individual differences, such as those with a highly specialized division of labor. ${ }^9$ In such groups, individual differences are a powerful source of connection, rather than of division. ${ }^{10}$ Because people engage in highly differentiated ways of life, they are by necessity interdependent. ${ }^{11}$ In these societies, there is greater freedom from some external controls, but such freedom occurs in concert with the interdependence of individuals, not in conflict with it.
${ }^{12}$ Durkheim realized societies may take many forms and consequently that group allegiance can manifest itself in a variety of ways. ${ }^{13}$ I myself have witnessed this in my own life experiences. ${ }^{14}$ In both types of societies outlined above, however, Durkheim stressed that adherence to a common set of assumptions about the world was a necessary prerequisite for maintaining group integrity and avoiding social decay.
What is the main function of the second paragraph?
(A) To explain Durkheim's theories of societal integration.
(B) To compare and contrast mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.
(C) To argue that Durkheim's theories are scientifically significant.
(D) To present the problem of societal integration and offer a solution.

Liuxi Sun
Liuxi Sun
Numerade Educator

Problem 7

${ }^1$ It is possible to date a book by examining the paper it is printed on. ${ }^2$ After the mid-nineteenth century, machine-made paper, constructed from wood pulp instead of rags, became the standard material for publishers.
${ }^3$ Machine-made paper is more acidic and more brittle than handmade paper. Particularly brittle paper may provide clues to the date of publication. ${ }^4$ Paper made during specific eras may be more brittle and fragile than paper made during the years immediately before and after. ${ }^5$ For example, paper made in the United States during World War II-when conservation efforts impacted paper production -has discolored to a shade of dark yellow-brown and is so brittle it must be handled very gingerly to prevent cracking. ${ }^6$ Books were first stored horizontally with their front covers facing up, then vertically with the fore-edge facing out, before the now-familiar spine-out arrangement became common.
${ }^7$ The amount and type of chemicals applied to the paper help establish its manufacture date. ${ }^8 \mathrm{Handmade} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{early} \mathrm{machine-made}$ paper was treated before it was printed so its fibers would not absorb the ink. ${ }^9$ This treatment, called sizing, was made from gelatin and was used to render the surface ready to be printed. ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Fr}$ reshly made paper was dipped in a vat of sizing for centuries, until German papermakers found that adding alum and rosin to the raw mixture of fibers yielded paper that was sufficiently resistant to ink. ${ }^{11} \mathrm{O}$ ther
chemical treatments that may be applied to paper include bleaching and coating for illustration.
Where should the following sentence be added?
Beginning in the fourteenth century, paper was made by hand from undyed linen or hemp rags.
(A) Before sentence 2 .
(B) Before sentence 6 .
(C) Before sentence 9 .
(D) Before sentence 11.

Check back soon!
03:05

Problem 8

${ }^1$ It is possible to date a book by examining the paper it is printed on. ${ }^2$ After the mid-nineteenth century, machine-made paper, constructed from wood pulp instead of rags, became the standard material for publishers.
${ }^3$ Machine-made paper is more acidic and more brittle than handmade paper. Particularly brittle paper may provide clues to the date of publication. ${ }^4$ Paper made during specific eras may be more brittle and fragile than paper made during the years immediately before and after. ${ }^5$ For example, paper made in the United States during World War II-when conservation efforts impacted paper production -has discolored to a shade of dark yellow-brown and is so brittle it must be handled very gingerly to prevent cracking. ${ }^6$ Books were first stored horizontally with their front covers facing up, then vertically with the fore-edge facing out, before the now-familiar spine-out arrangement became common.
${ }^7$ The amount and type of chemicals applied to the paper help establish its manufacture date. ${ }^8 \mathrm{Handmade} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{early} \mathrm{machine-made}$ paper was treated before it was printed so its fibers would not absorb the ink. ${ }^9$ This treatment, called sizing, was made from gelatin and was used to render the surface ready to be printed. ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Fr}$ reshly made paper was dipped in a vat of sizing for centuries, until German papermakers found that adding alum and rosin to the raw mixture of fibers yielded paper that was sufficiently resistant to ink. ${ }^{11} \mathrm{O}$ ther
chemical treatments that may be applied to paper include bleaching and coating for illustration.
What is the main function of the third paragraph?
(A) To compare and contrast different types of sizing.
(B) To describe how the presence of chemicals can help date paper.
(C) To show a cause-and-effect relationship between paper’s content and brittleness.
(D) To present a problem associated with paper and present a solution to that problem.

Brenda Sanchez
Brenda Sanchez
Numerade Educator

Problem 9

${ }^1$ It is possible to date a book by examining the paper it is printed on. ${ }^2$ After the mid-nineteenth century, machine-made paper, constructed from wood pulp instead of rags, became the standard material for publishers.
${ }^3$ Machine-made paper is more acidic and more brittle than handmade paper. Particularly brittle paper may provide clues to the date of publication. ${ }^4$ Paper made during specific eras may be more brittle and fragile than paper made during the years immediately before and after. ${ }^5$ For example, paper made in the United States during World War II-when conservation efforts impacted paper production -has discolored to a shade of dark yellow-brown and is so brittle it must be handled very gingerly to prevent cracking. ${ }^6$ Books were first stored horizontally with their front covers facing up, then vertically with the fore-edge facing out, before the now-familiar spine-out arrangement became common.
${ }^7$ The amount and type of chemicals applied to the paper help establish its manufacture date. ${ }^8 \mathrm{Handmade} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{early} \mathrm{machine-made}$ paper was treated before it was printed so its fibers would not absorb the ink. ${ }^9$ This treatment, called sizing, was made from gelatin and was used to render the surface ready to be printed. ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Fr}$ reshly made paper was dipped in a vat of sizing for centuries, until German papermakers found that adding alum and rosin to the raw mixture of fibers yielded paper that was sufficiently resistant to ink. ${ }^{11} \mathrm{O}$ ther
chemical treatments that may be applied to paper include bleaching and coating for illustration.
Which sentence contains unnecessary or irrelevant
information and should be removed?
(A) Sentence 2.
(B) Sentence 6.
(C) Sentence 9.
(D) Sentence 11.

Check back soon!
03:05

Problem 10

${ }^1$ It is possible to date a book by examining the paper it is printed on. ${ }^2$ After the mid-nineteenth century, machine-made paper, constructed from wood pulp instead of rags, became the standard material for publishers.
${ }^3$ Machine-made paper is more acidic and more brittle than handmade paper. Particularly brittle paper may provide clues to the date of publication. ${ }^4$ Paper made during specific eras may be more brittle and fragile than paper made during the years immediately before and after. ${ }^5$ For example, paper made in the United States during World War II-when conservation efforts impacted paper production -has discolored to a shade of dark yellow-brown and is so brittle it must be handled very gingerly to prevent cracking. ${ }^6$ Books were first stored horizontally with their front covers facing up, then vertically with the fore-edge facing out, before the now-familiar spine-out arrangement became common.
${ }^7$ The amount and type of chemicals applied to the paper help establish its manufacture date. ${ }^8 \mathrm{Handmade} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{early} \mathrm{machine-made}$ paper was treated before it was printed so its fibers would not absorb the ink. ${ }^9$ This treatment, called sizing, was made from gelatin and was used to render the surface ready to be printed. ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Fr}$ reshly made paper was dipped in a vat of sizing for centuries, until German papermakers found that adding alum and rosin to the raw mixture of fibers yielded paper that was sufficiently resistant to ink. ${ }^{11} \mathrm{O}$ ther
chemical treatments that may be applied to paper include bleaching and coating for illustration.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
(A) To entertain.
(B) To describe.
(C) To inform.
(D) To persuade.

Brenda Sanchez
Brenda Sanchez
Numerade Educator