Chemistry

Catherine E. Housecroft, Edwin C. Constable

ISBN #9780273715450

4th Edition

995 Questions

13,222 Students Helped

Homework Questions

Summary

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

Example Problems

Explanations

Common Mistakes

Summary

This section covers both acyclic and cyclic alkanes, focusing on the structural aspects, nomenclature, and the dynamic behavior of cycloalkanes including ring conformation and ring strain. Additionally, it delves into the industrial processes used for interconverting hydrocarbons, the synthesis of cycloalkanes, and the characteristic radical chain reactions in the chlorination of CH4 and competitive halogenation reactions. Understanding these concepts is key to grasping how molecular structure influences reactivity and physical properties in organic compounds.

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

Acyclic and cyclic alkanes

A discussion of both open?chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) saturated hydrocarbons, emphasizing their structural features, nomenclature, conformational behavior (including ring strain and conformation), and the processes used in their interconversion and synthesis.

Example Problems

Example 1

Draw structures of the following cycloalkanes: (a) cyclobutane; (b) cyclohcptane; (c) methylcyclopentane; (d) $1,4-$ dimethylcyclohexane; (c) $1-$ cthyl- 3 -propylcyclooctane.

Example 2

Name the following compounds:

Example 3

How many signals would you expect to see in the proton decoupled $^{13}$ C NMR spectra of the compounds in problem $25.2 ?$

Example 4

Give names and structures for isomers of dimethylcyclobutane.

Example 5

(a) Draw a diagram to show cyclohexane in a chair conformation. Label the axial and equatorial sites. (b) Distinguish between conformers and isomers of I, 3 -dimethylcyclohexanc.