Book cover for Chemistry

Chemistry

Catherine E. Housecroft, Edwin C. Constable

ISBN #9780273715450

4th Edition

995 Questions

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Homework Questions

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Summary
Learning Objectives
Key Concepts
Example Problems
Explanations
Common Mistakes

Summary

None

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

Acyclic and cyclic alkanes

A discussion of both open?chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) saturated hydrocarbons, emphasizing their structural features, nomenclature, conformational behavior (including ring strain and conformation), and the processes used in their interconversion and synthesis.

Example Problems

Example 1

From the statements below, say whether the following processes are exothermic or endothermic. (a) The addition of caesium to water is explosive. (b) The evaporation of a few drops of diethyl ether from the palm of your hand makes your hand feel colder. (c) Burning propane gas in $\mathrm{O}_{2} ;$ this reaction is the basis for the use of propane as a fuel. (d) Mixing aqueous solutions of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ and $\mathrm{HCl}$ causes the temperature of the solution to increase.

Example 2

Which of the following molecules are polar? (a) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl} ;$ (b) $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2} ;$ (c) $\mathrm{SO}_{3} ;$ (d) HCHO; (e) HBr; (f) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} ;(\mathrm{g}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH} ;$ (h) $\mathrm{CBr}_{4}$

Example 3

The standard enthalpy of reaction for the combustion of 1 mole of Ca is $-635 \mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$. Write a balanced equation for the process to which this value refers. Does the reaction give out or absorb heat?

Example 4

$100.0 \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid, HCl $\left(2.0 \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{dm}^{-3}\right)$ were mixed with $100.0 \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ of aqueous $\mathrm{NaOH}\left(2.0 \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{dm}^{-3}\right)$ in a simple, constant-pressure calorimeter. A temperature rise of 13.9 K was recorded. Determine the value of $\Delta H$ for the reaction in $\mathrm{kJ}$ per mole of HCl. $\left(C_{\text {water }}=4.18 \mathrm{JK}^{-1} \mathrm{g}^{-1} ; \text {density of water }=\right.$ $\left.1.00 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}\right)$

Example 5

Comment on the fact that the values of $\Delta H$ (quoted per mole of NaOH) for the following reactions are all approximately equal: $$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \\ \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{HBr}(\mathrm{aq})\longrightarrow \mathrm{NaBr}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \\ \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})\longrightarrow \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \end{array}$$
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