Summary
Chapter 22 covers the fundamentals of organic chemistry, focusing on the classification of organic compounds such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. It details the IUPAC nomenclature system, explores different types of isomerism including structural, geometric, and optical isomerism, and explains the roles of various functional groups. The chapter also introduces the basic organic reactions—addition, elimination, condensation, and substitution—and ties these reactions to practical applications such as fuel processing, drug synthesis, and industrial production of everyday chemicals.