Book cover for College Physics Explore and Apply

College Physics Explore and Apply

Eugenia Etkina; Alan Van Heuvelen; Gorazd Planinši?

ISBN #9780134601823

2nd Edition

2,244 Questions

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46,660 Students Helped

Homework Questions

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Summary
Learning Objectives
Key Concepts
Example Problems
Explanations
Common Mistakes

Summary

This section explores the polarization of waves and the discovery of electromagnetic waves. It explains how polarizers filter transverse waves, leading to phenomena like Malus’s law and Brewster’s law. The mathematical descriptions provided, using Maxwell’s equations, illustrate the intrinsic relationship between the oscillating electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves. Practical applications such as radar, GPS, microwave ovens, and LCD technology demonstrate the fundamental and everyday importance of electromagnetic phenomena. Overall, understanding polarization and the energy relationships in EM waves is critical for modern technology.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

Atomic Physics

The study of atomic models and structure, detailing the evolution from classical orbit models (e.g., Bohr’s model) to quantum mechanics with quantized energy levels, quantum numbers, the uncertainty principle, and tunneling.

Example Problems

Example 1

The coils of a horizontal Slinky vibrate vertically up and down; the wave propagates in the horizontal direction. The amplitude of vibrations is $20 \mathrm{cm} .$ You thread the Slinky through a board with a $50-\mathrm{cm}$ slot at an angle of $60^{\circ}$ relative to the vertical. What is the amplitude of the wave that moves past the slot? In what direction do the coils now vibrate? Indicate any assumptions that you made.

Example 2

A $40-$ W lightbulb is $2.0 \mathrm{m}$ from a screen. What is the intensity of light incident on the screen? What assumptions did you make?

Example 3

Assume that the bulb in Problem 25.2 radiates unpolarized light. You place a tourmaline crystal in front of the screen. (a) What is the intensity of light hitting the screen after passing through the crystal? (b) You place a second tourmaline crystal between the first crystal and the screen so that it is oriented at an angle of $50^{\circ}$ relative to the axis of the first. What is the intensity of light hitting the screen? What assumptions did you make?

Example 4

(a) A uniform $B$ field whose lines are oriented in the S-N direction increases steadily. Draw the $\vec{E}$ field lines of the induced electric field. (b) A uniform magnetic field whose lines are oriented E-W decreases steadily. Draw the $E$ field lines of the induced electric field. (c) Repeat part (b) for a case when the $\vec{B}$ field changes at twice the rate.

Example 5

Investigate in detail how Hertz's apparatus worked and describe how it was used to produce and detect electromagnctic waves.
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Step-by-Step Explanations

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Common Mistakes

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