Book cover for Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis

Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis

Charles T. Horngren, Srikant M. Datar, Madhav V. Rajan

ISBN #9780132109178

14th Edition

910 Questions

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Homework Questions

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Summary

Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis systematically introduces and builds upon the foundational concepts of managerial accounting, emphasizing the role of cost analysis, pricing strategies, and budgeting in effective decision-making. The book guides readers through key topics such as cost classification, cost-volume-profit analysis, job costing, and activity-based costing, while integrating real-world examples from companies like iTunes, JetBlue, and Boeing to illustrate practical applications. It also delves into advanced areas including capital budgeting, transfer pricing, and performance measurement, highlighting how these tools align operational tactics with long-term strategic objectives. Overall, the text serves as an essential resource for managers and students seeking to understand and apply cost management principles in dynamic business environments.

Chapters & Topics Covered

Chapter 1

The Manager and Management Accounting

Chapter 2

An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes

Chapter 3

Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

Chapter 4

Job Costing

Chapter 5

Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management

Chapter 6

Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting

Chapter 7

Flexible Budgets, Direct-Cost Variances, and Management Control

Chapter 8

Flexible Budgets, Overhead Cost Variances, and Management Control

Chapter 9

Inventory Costing and Capacity Analysis

Chapter 10

Determining How Costs Behave

Chapter 11

Decision Making and Relevant Information

Chapter 12

Pricing Decisions and Cost Management

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Chapter 13

Strategy, Balanced Scorecard, and Strategic Profitability Analysis

Chapter 14

Cost Allocation, Customer-Profitability Analysis, and Sales-Variance Analysis

Chapter 15

Allocation of Support-Department Costs, Common Costs, and Revenues

Chapter 16

Cost Allocation: Joint Products and Byproducts

Chapter 17

Process Costing

Chapter 18

Spoilage, Rework, and Scrap

Chapter 19

Balanced Scorecard: Quality, Time, and the Theory of Constraints

Chapter 20

Inventory Management, Just-in-Time, and Simplified Costing Methods

Chapter 21

Capital Budgeting and Cost Analysis

Chapter 22

Management Control Systems, Transfer Pricing, and Multinational Considerations

Chapter 23

Performance Measurement, Compensation, and Multinational Considerations

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Problem 1

Various cost-behavior patterns. (CPA, adapted) Select the graph that matches the numbered manufacturing cost data (requirements 1-9). Indicate by letter which graph best fits the situation or item described. The vertical axes of the graphs represent total cost, and the horizontal axes represent units produced during a calendar year. In each case, the zero point of dollars and production is at the intersection of the two axes. The graphs may be used more than once. 1. Annual depreciation of equipment, where the amount of depreciation charged is computed by the machine-hours method. 2. Electricity bill-a flat fixed charge, plus a variable cost after a certain number of kilowatt-hours are used, in which the quantity of kilowatt-hours used varies proportionately with quantity of units produced. 3. City water bill, which is computed as follows: The gallons of water used vary proportionately with the quantity of production output. 4. cost of direct materials, where direct material cost per unit produced decreases with each pound of material used (for example, if 1 pound is used, the cost is $\$ 10$; if 2 pounds are used, the cost is $\$ 19.98$; if 3 pounds are used, the cost is $\$ 29.94$, with a minimum cost per unit of $\$ 9.20$ 5. Annual depreciation of equipment, where the amount is computed by the straight-line method. When the depreciation schedule was prepared, it was anticipated that the obsolescence factor would be greater than the wear-and-tear factor. 6. Rent on a manufacturing plant donated by the city, where the agreement calls for a fixed-fee payment unless 200,000 labor-hours are worked, in which case no rent is paid. 7. Salaries of repair personnel, where one person is needed for every 1,000 machine-hours or less (that is, 0 to 1,000 hours requires one person, 1,001 to 2,000 hours requires two people, and so onl. 8. cost of direct materials used (assume no quantity discounts). 9. Rent on a manufacturing plant donated by the county, where the agreement calls for rent of $\$ 100,000$ to be reduced by $\$ 1$ for each direct manufacturing labor-hour worked in excess of 200,000 hours, but a minimum rental fee of $\$ 20,000$ must be paid.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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Problem 2

Consider each of the following independent situations for Anderson Forklifts. Anderson manufactures and sells forklifts. The company also contracts to service both its own and other brands of forklifts. Anderson has a manufacturing plant, a supply warehouse that supplies both the manufacturing plant and the service technicians (who often need parts to repair forklifts) and 10 service vans. The service technicians drive to customer sites to service the forklifts. Anderson owns the vans, pays for the gas, and supplies forklift parts, but the technicians own their own tools. 1. In the manufacturing plant the production manager is not happy with the engines that the purchasing manager has been purchasing. In May the production manager stops requesting engines from the supply warehouse, and starts purchasing them directly from a different engine manufacturer. Actual materials costs in May are higher than budgeted. 2. Overhead costs in the manufacturing plant for June are much higher than budgeted. Investigation reveals a utility rate hike in effect that was not figured into the budget. 3. Gasoline costs for each van are budgeted based on the service area of the van and the amount of driving expected for the month. The driver of van 3 routinely has monthly gasoline costs exceeding the budget for van 3. After investigating, the service manager finds that the driver has been driving the van for personal use. 4. At Bigstore Warehouse, one of Anderson's forklift service customers, the service people are only called in for emergencies and not for routine maintenance. Thus, the materials and labor costs for these service calls exceeds the monthly budgeted costs for a contract customer. 5. Anderson's service technicians are paid an hourly wage, with overtime pay if they exceed 40 hours per week, excluding driving time. Fred Snert, one of the technicians, frequently exceeds 40 hours per week. Service customers are happy with Fred's work, but the service manager talks to him constantly about working more quickly. Fred's overtime causes the actual costs of service to exceed the budget almost every month. 6. The cost of gasoline has increased by $50 \%$ this year, which caused the actual gasoline costs to greatly exceed the budgeted costs for the service vans. For each situation described, determine where (that is, with whom) (a) responsibility and (b) controllability lie. Suggest what might be done to solve the problem or to improve the situation.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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Problem 3

The Suzuki Co. in Japan has a division that manufactures two-wheel motorcycles. Its budgeted sales for Model $G$ in 2013 is 900,000 units. Suzuki's target ending inventory is 80,000 units, and its beginning inventory is 100,000 units. The company's budgeted selling price to its distributors and dealers is 400,000 yen ( $Â¥$ ) per motorcycle. Suzuki buys all its wheels from an outside supplier. No defective wheels are accepted. (Suzuki's needs for extra wheels for replacement parts are ordered by a separate division of the company.) The company's target ending inventory is 60,000 wheels, and its beginning inventory is 50,000 wheels. The budgeted purchase price is 16,000 yen ( $Â¥$ ) per wheel. 1. Compute the budgeted revenues in yen. 2. Compute the number of motorcycles to be produced. 3. Compute the budgeted purchases of wheels in units and in yen.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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Problem 4

Bridget Ashton is getting ready to open a small restaurant She is on a tight budget and must choose between the following long-distance phone plans: Plan A: Pay 10 cents per minute of long-distance calling. Plan B: Pay a fixed monthly fee of $\$ 15$ for up to 240 long-distance minutes, and 8 cents per minute thereafter (if she uses fewer than 240 minutes in any month, she still pays $\$ 15$ for the month). Plan C: Pay a fixed monthly fee of $\$ 22$ for up to 510 long-distance minutes and 5 cents per minute thereafter (if she uses fewer than 510 minutes, she still pays $\$ 22$ for the month). 1. Draw a graph of the total monthly costs of the three plans for different levels of monthly long-distance calling. 2. Which plan should Ashton choose if she expects to make 100 minutes of long-distance calls? $240 \mathrm{min}$ utes? 540 minutes?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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Problem 5

Hamilton, Inc., manufactures boom boxes (music systems with radio, cassette, and compact disc players) for several well-known companies. The boom boxes differ significantly in their complexity and their manufacturing batch sizes. The following costs were incurred in 2011 :a. Indirect manufacturing labor costs such as supervision that supports direct manufacturing labor, $\$ 1,450,000$ b. Procurement costs of placing purchase orders, receiving materials, and paying suppliers related to the number of purchase orders placed, $\$ 850,000$ c. cost of indirect materials, $\$ 275,000$ d. costs incurred to set up machines each time a different product needs to be manufactured, $\$ 630,000$ e. Designing processes, drawing process charts, making engineering process changes for products, $\$ 775,000$ f. Machine-related overhead costs such as depreciation, maintenance, production engineering, $\$ 1,500,000$ (These resources relate to the activity of running the machines.) g. Plant management, plant rent, and plant insurance, $\$ 925,000$ 1. Classify each of the preceding costs as output unit-level, batch-level, product-sustaining, or facilitysustaining. Explain each answer. 2. Consider two types of boom boxes made by Hamilton, Inc. One boom box is complex to make and is produced in many batches. The other boom box is simple to make and is produced in few batches. Suppose that Hamilton needs the same number of machine-hours to make each type of boom box and that Hamilton allocates all overhead costs using machine-hours as the only allocation base. How, if at all, would the boom boxes be miscosted? Briefly explain why.3. How is the cost hierarchy helpful to Hamilton in managing its business?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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Problem 6

Best Breads manufactures two types of bread, which are sold as wholesale products to various specialty retail bakeries. Each loaf of bread requires a threestep process. The first step is mixing. The mixing department combines all of the necessary ingredients to create the dough and processes it through high speed mixers. The dough is then left to rise before baking. The second step is baking, which is an entirely automated process. The baking department molds the dough into its final shape and bakes each loaf of bread in a high temperature oven. The final step is finishing, which is an entirely manual process. The finishing department coats each loaf of bread with a special glaze, allows the bread to cool, and then carefully packages each loaf in a specialty carton for sale in retail bakeries. 1. costs involved in the process are listed next. For each cost, indicate whether it is a direct variable, direct fixed, indirect variable, or indirect fixed cost, assuming "units of production of each kind of bread" is the cost object. 2. If the cost object were the "mixing department" rather than units of production of each kind of bread, which preceding costs would now be direct instead of indirect costs?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi   Numerade Educator

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