Book cover for Economics

Economics

Michael Parkin

ISBN #9780133872279

12th Edition

839 Questions

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Summary

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

Example Problems

Explanations

Common Mistakes

Summary

The section covers the fundamental concepts of money, including its functions (medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value) and its components (e.g., M1 and M2 measures). It explains how banks create money through the fractional-reserve banking system and how factors like the reserve ratio and currency drain ratio determine the money multiplier. Additionally, the role of the Federal Reserve—and its tools such as open market operations—in influencing the monetary base, interest rates, and ultimately the price level through the quantity theory of money is emphasized. The balance between monetary policy actions and market responses ensures that in the long run, real economic variables remain stable while the price level adjusts proportionately to changes in the money supply.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

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Example Problems

Example 1

Money in the United States today includes which of the following items? Cash in Citibank's cash machines; U.S. dollar bills in your wallet; your Visa card; your loan to pay for school fees.

Example 2

In June 2013 , currency held by individuals and businesses was $\$ 1,124$ billion; traveler's checks were $\$ 4$ billion; checkable deposits owned by individuals and businesses were $\$ 1,402$ billion; savings deposits were $\$ 6,884$ billion; time deposits were $\$ 583$ billion; and money market funds and other deposits were $\$ 647$ billion. Calculate $\mathrm{M} 1$ and $\mathrm{M} 2$ in June 2013

Example 3

Europe's Banks Must Be Forced to Recapitalize E.U. banks must hold more capital. Where private funding is not forthcoming, recapitalization must be imposed by E.U. governments. Source: The Financial Times, November 24,2011 What is the "capital" referred to in the news clip? How might the requirement to hold more capital make banks safer?

Example 4

The FOMC sells $\$ 20$ million of securities to Wells Fargo. Enter the transactions that take place to show the changes in the following balance sheets.

Example 5

In the economy of Nocoin, bank deposits are $\$ 300$ billion. Bank reserves are $\$ 15$ billion, of which two thirds are deposits with the central bank. Households and firms hold $\$ 30$ billion in bank notes. There are no coins. Calculate a. The monetary base and quantity of money. b. The banks' desired reserve ratio and the currency drain ratio (as percentages).

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Step-by-Step Explanations

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Common Mistakes

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