Book cover for Economics

Economics

Michael Parkin

ISBN #9780133872279

12th Edition

839 Questions

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Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

Example Problems

Explanations

Common Mistakes

Summary

This section explains that exchange rates are determined in a competitive, global market by the forces of demand and supply. Key factors influencing these dynamics include world trade (exports and imports), interest rate differentials, and expectations about the future exchange rate. Arbitrage mechanisms help establish interest rate parity and purchasing power parity. Additionally, central banks may intervene using fixed, flexible, or crawling peg systems to stabilize or guide their currency’s value. Finally, the balance of payments accounts and the global loanable funds market reveal how international trade and investment flows link to exchange rate policy and overall economic stability.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

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Example Problems

Example 1

The U.S. dollar exchange rate increased from $\$ 0.96$ Canadian in June 2011 to $\$ 1.03$ Canadian in June $2012,$ and it decreased from 81 Japanese yen in June 2011 to 78 yen in June 2012. Did the U.S. dollar appreciate or depreciate against the Canadian dollar? Did the U.S. dollar appreciate or depreciate against the yen?

Example 2

The U.S. dollar exchange rate increased from $\$ 0.96$ Canadian in June 2011 to $\$ 1.03$ Canadian in June $2012,$ and it decreased from 81 Japanese yen in June 2011 to 78 yen in June 2012. What was the value of the Canadian dollar in terms of U.S. dollars in June 2011 and June $2012 ?$ Did the Canadian dollar appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar over the year June 2011 to June $2012 ?$

Example 3

The U.S. dollar exchange rate increased from $\$ 0.96$ Canadian in June 2011 to $\$ 1.03$ Canadian in June $2012,$ and it decreased from 81 Japanese yen in June 2011 to 78 yen in June 2012. What was the value of 100 yen in terms of U.S. dollars in June 2011 and June 2012 ? Did the yen appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar over the year June 2011 to June $2012 ?$

Example 4

On March 30,2012 , the U.S. dollar was trading at 82 yen per U.S. dollar on the foreign exchange market. On August $30,2012,$ the U.S. dollar was trading at 79 yen per U.S. dollar. a. What events in the foreign exchange market could have brought this fall in the value of the U.S. dollar? b. Did the events you've described change the demand for U.S. dollars, the supply of U.S. dollars, or both demand and supply in the foreign exchange market?

Example 5

Colombia is the world's biggest producer of roses. The global demand for roses increases and at the same time Columbia's central bank increases the interest rate. In the foreign exchange market for Colombian pesos, what happens to a. The demand for pesos? b. The supply of pesos? c. The quantity of pesos demanded? d. The quantity of pesos supplied? e. The peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate?

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