John McMurry
ISBN #9781305080485
9th Edition
1,986 Questions
Homework Questions
Chapter 7 on Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity covers the industrial production and applications of alkenes, methods for calculating the degree of unsaturation, systematic IUPAC nomenclature, and the assignment of stereochemistry through cis–trans and E/Z designations. It further explains the electrophilic addition mechanism, emphasizing the formation and rearrangement of carbocation intermediates, and integrates principles like hyperconjugation and the Hammond postulate to explain alkene stability and reaction kinetics.
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CONCEPT
DEFINITION
Acid–Base Chemistry
The study of acids and bases using both the Brønsted–Lowry (proton-donating/accepting) and Lewis (electron pair accepting/donating) frameworks, including quantification via pKa values, which together explain chemical reactivity in organic molecules. •
Calculate the degree of unsaturation in each of the following formulas, and then draw as many structures as you can for each: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}$ (b) $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}$ (c) $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4}$
Calculate the degree of unsaturation in each of the following formulas: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{~N}$ (b) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NO}_{2}$ (c) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}$ (d) $\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{16} \mathrm{Br}_{2}$ (e) $\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ (f) $\mathrm{C}_{20} \mathrm{H}_{32} \mathrm{ClN}$
Diazepam, marketed as an antianxiety medication under the name Valium, has three rings, eight double bonds, and the formula $\mathrm{C}_{16} \mathrm{H}_{?} \mathrm{ClN}_{2} \mathrm{O} .$ How many hydrogens does diazepam have? (Calculate the answer; don't count hydrogens in the structure.)
Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:
Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names: (a) 2 -Methyl-1,5-hexadiene (b) 3 -Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene (c) 2,3,3 -Trimethyl-1,4,6-octatriene (d) 3,4 -Diisopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene