John E. McMurry
ISBN #9781285842912
3rd Edition
1,528 Questions
Homework Questions
This chapter explores the properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes, emphasizing their unsaturated nature, methods for calculating degrees of unsaturation, and systematic naming conventions including stereochemical designations such as cis–trans and E/Z. Further, the electrophilic addition mechanism is examined in detail, highlighting the formation and rearrangement of carbocation intermediates, the application of Markovnikov’s rule, and the role of hyperconjugation and the Hammond postulate in determining reaction rates and product distributions.
1
-
2
2.
3
E
4
x
5
p
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
Definition: The study of molecular reactivity via polar covalent bonds where differences in electronegativity create dipole moments, guiding acid–base behavior.
The study of molecular reactivity via polar covalent bonds where differences in electronegativity create dipole moments, guiding acid–base behavior. •
Calculate the degree of unsaturation in each of the following formulas, and then draw as many structures as you can for each: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}$ (b) $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}$ (c) $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4}$
Calculate the degree of unsaturation in each of the following formulas: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{~N}$ (b) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NO}_{2}$ (c) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}$ (d) $\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{16} \mathrm{Br}_{2}$ (e) $\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ (f) $\mathrm{C}_{20} \mathrm{H}_{32} \mathrm{ClN}$
Diazepam, marketed as an antianxiety medication under the name Valium, has three rings, eight double bonds, and the formula $\mathrm{C}_{16} \mathrm{H}_{?} \mathrm{ClN}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. How many hydrogens does diazepam have? (Calculate the answer; don't count hydrogens in the structure.)
Give IUPAC names for the following compounds: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names: (a) 2-Methylhexa-1,5-diene (b) 3 -Ethyl-2,2-dimethylhept-3-ene (c) 2,3,3 -Trimethylocta-1,4,6-triene (d) 3,4 -Diisopropyl- 2,5 -dimethylhex-3-ene