Book cover for Physics

Physics

John D. Cutnell, Kenneth W. Johnson, David Young, Shane Stadler

ISBN #9781118486894

10th Edition

2,562 Questions

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Summary

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

Example Problems

Explanations

Common Mistakes

Summary

In this section, the core themes of two-dimensional kinematics are explored through displacement, velocity, and acceleration as vector quantities. The independent treatment of motion components simplifies the analysis of projectile motion. This approach not only allows for robust problem-solving in determining range, height, and flight time, but it also lays the groundwork for understanding relative velocity—how motion appears different from varied frames of reference. Additionally, early insights into Newton’s laws set the stage for linking forces and motion.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

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Example Problems

Example 1

Two trees have perfectly straight trunks and are both growing perpendicular to the fl at horizontal ground beneath them. The sides of the trunks that face each other are separated by 1.3 m. A frisky squirrel makes three jumps in rapid succession. First, he leaps from the foot of one tree to a spot that is 1.0 m above the ground on the other tree. Then, he jumps back to the first tree, landing on it at a spot that is 1.7 m above the ground. Finally, he leaps back to the other tree, now landing at a spot that is 2.5 m above the ground. What is the magnitude of the squirrel’s displacement?

Example 2

A meteoroid is traveling east through the atmosphere at $18.3 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{s}$ while descending at a rate of $11.5 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{s}$. What is its speed, in $\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{s} ?$

Example 3

In a football game a kicker attempts a field goal. The ball remains in contact with the kicker's foot for 0.050 s, during which time it experiences an acceleration of $340 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .$ The ball is launched at an angle of $51^{\circ}$ above the ground. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the launch velocity.

Example 4

A baseball player hits a triple and ends up on third base. A baseball "diamond" is a square, each side of length $27.4 \mathrm{m},$ with home plate and the three bases on the four corners. What is the magnitude of the player's displacement?

Example 5

In diving to a depth of $750 \mathrm{m},$ an elephant seal also moves $460 \mathrm{m}$ due east of his starting point. What is the magnitude of the seal's displacement?

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Step-by-Step Explanations

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Common Mistakes

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