Summary
This module covers the dual nature of light and matter, illustrating how particles such as electrons can exhibit wave behavior and how waves such as light can exhibit particle-like characteristics. Key experiments such as the double-slit experiment, photoelectric effect, and Compton scattering demonstrate that classical ideas must be extended to include quantum concepts like quantization of energy, de Broglie wavelengths, and the uncertainty principle. These quantum phenomena are fundamental to modern technologies ranging from digital imaging to X-ray spectroscopy.