Physics

John D. Cutnell, Kenneth W. Johnson, David Young, Shane Stadler

ISBN #9781118486894

10th Edition

2,562 Questions

29,070 Students Helped

Homework Questions

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Learning Objectives

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Example Problems

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Summary

This section integrates a broad spectrum of thermal physics concepts. It covers temperature scales and the Kelvin system, explains thermal expansion with both linear and volumetric formulas, and distinguishes between temperature, internal energy, and heat. It also delves into energy changes due to specific heat capacity and phase transitions. Furthermore, the modes of heat transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation—are explained with practical applications, highlighting the importance of these principles in technical and everyday contexts.

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Example Problems

Example 1

Suppose you are hiking down the Grand Canyon. At the top, the temperature early in the morning is a cool $3{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .$ By late afternoon, the temperature at the bottom of the canyon has warmed to a sweltering $34^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .$ What is the difference between the higher and lower temperatures in (a) Fahrenheit degrees and (b) kelvins?

Example 2

You are sick, and your temperature is 312.0 kelvins. Convert this temperature to the Fahrenheit scale.

Example 3

On the moon the surface temperature ranges from 375 K during the day to $1.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{K}$ at night. What are these temperatures on the (a) Celsius and (b) Fahrenheit scales?

Example 4

What's your normal body temperature? It may not be $98.6^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, the often-quoted average that was determined in the nineteenth century. A more recent study has reported an average temperature of $98.2^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$. What is the difference between these averages, expressed in Celsius degrees?

Example 5

Dermatologists often remove small precancerous skin lesions by freezing them quickly with liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of $77 \mathrm{K}$. What is this temperature on the (a) Celsius and (b) Fahrenheit scales?