Physics

Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarthy Richardson, Robert C. Richardson

ISBN #9780073404530

2nd Edition

2,795 Questions

250,136 Students Helped

Homework Questions

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Example Problems

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Summary

This section of nuclear physics covers the intricate details of nuclear structure and decay, including the composition of nuclei and the role of binding energy in dictating nuclear stability. It explains various decay modes—alpha, beta, and gamma—as well as the concept of half-life and how activity is measured. Additionally, the text distinguishes between spontaneous and induced nuclear reactions, highlighting practical applications in radiocarbon dating, medical diagnostics, and energy production through fission and fusion. A strong emphasis is placed on conservation laws, the probabilistic nature of decay, and the nuclear forces at play.

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

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Example Problems

Example 1

Estimate the number of nucleons found in the body of a $75-\mathrm{kg}$ person.

Example 2

Calculate the mass density of nuclear matter.

Example 3

A neutron star is a star that has collapsed into a collection of tightly packed neutrons. Thus, it is something like a giant nucleus; but since it is electrically neutral, there is no Coulomb repulsion to break it up. The force holding it together is gravity. Suppose the Sun were to collapse into a neutron star. What would its radius be? Assume that the density is about the same as for a nucleus. Express your answer in kilometers.

Example 4

Write the symbol (in the form $_{Z}^{A} \mathrm{X}$ ) for the nuclide with 38 protons and 50 neutrons and identify the element.

Example 5

Write the symbol (in the form $_{Z}^{A} \mathrm{X}$ ) for the isotope of potassium with 21 neutrons.