Book cover for Physics

Physics

Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarthy Richardson, Robert C. Richardson

ISBN #9780073404530

2nd Edition

2,795 Questions

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Summary
Learning Objectives
Key Concepts
Example Problems
Explanations
Common Mistakes

Summary

This section covers the fundamental concepts of periodic motion and simple harmonic motion (SHM). It introduces the relationships between period, frequency, and angular frequency, and shows how the mathematical description of SHM leads to expressions for position, velocity, and acceleration. Energy in SHM is linked to amplitude, and resonance is described as the condition when a system is driven at its natural frequency, often leading to large oscillations. Graphical analysis provides an intuitive understanding of these concepts through time-domain representations.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

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Example Problems

Example 1

Waves and Energy Transport The intensity of sunlight that reaches Earth's atmosphere is $1400 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} .$ What is the intensity of the sunlight that reaches Jupiter? Jupiter is 5.2 times as far from the Sun as Earth. [Hint: Treat the Sun as an isotropic source of light waves.]

Example 2

Michelle is enjoying a picnic across the valley from a cliff. She is playing music on her radio (assume it to be an isotropic source) and notices an echo from the cliff. She claps her hands and the echo takes 1.5 s to return. (a) Given that the speed of sound in air is $343 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ on that day, how far away is the cliff? (b) If the intensity of the music $1.0 \mathrm{m}$ from the radio is $1.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2},$ what is the intensity of the music arriving at the cliff?

Example 3

The intensity of the sound wave from a jet airplane as it is taking off is $1.0 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$ at a distance of $5.0 \mathrm{m}$ What is the intensity of the sound wave that reaches the ears of a person standing at a distance of $120 \mathrm{m}$ from the runway? Assume that the sound wave radiates from the airplane equally in all directions.

Example 4

At what rate in watts does the jet airplane in Problem 3 radiate energy in the form of sound waves?

Example 5

The Sun emits electromagnetic waves (including light) equally in all directions. The intensity of the waves at Earth's upper atmosphere is $1.4 \mathrm{kW} / \mathrm{m}^{2} .$ At what rate does the Sun emit electromagnetic waves? (In other words, what is the power output?)
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Step-by-Step Explanations

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