Book cover for Statistics

Statistics

David Freedman, Robert Pisani, Roger Purves

ISBN #9780393929720

4th Edition

314 Questions

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110,621 Students Helped

Homework Questions

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Summary

Statistics is a comprehensive exploration of statistical methods and concepts, beginning with the design of controlled experiments and observational studies that minimize bias and confounding factors. The book methodically introduces key analytical tools—from graphical representations like histograms and scatter diagrams to measures of central tendency and variability, such as averages and standard deviations. It then builds on these foundations with in-depth discussions on probability, regression analysis, and various tests of significance, applying these techniques to real-world examples like the Salk vaccine trial and Mendel’s genetic experiments. Overall, the text serves as a practical guide for navigating the complexities of data interpretation, prediction, and inference across diverse fields.

Chapters & Topics Covered

Chapter 2

Observational Studies

Chapter 3

The Histogram

Chapter 4

The Average and the Standard Deviation

Chapter 5

The Normal Approximation for Data

Chapter 6

Measurement Error

Chapter 8

Correlation

Chapter 9

More about Correlation

Chapter 10

Regression

Chapter 11

The R.M.S. Error for Regression

Chapter 12

The Regression Line

Chapter 13

What Are the Chances?

Chapter 14

More about Chance

View More

Chapter 15

The Binomial Formula

Chapter 16

The Law of Averages

Chapter 17

The Expected Value and Standard Error

Chapter 18

The Normal Approximation for Probability Histograms

Chapter 19

Sample Surveys

Chapter 20

Chance Errors in Sampling

Chapter 21

The Accuracy of Percentages

Chapter 22

Measuring Employment and Unemployment

Chapter 23

The Accuracy of Averages

Chapter 24

A Model for Measurement Error

Chapter 25

Chance Models in Genetics

Chapter 26

Tests of Significance

Chapter 27

More Tests for Averages

Chapter 28

The Chi-Square Test

Chapter 29

A Closer Look at Tests of Significance

Popular Video Solutions

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Problem 1

Four hundred draws will be made at random with replacement from the box $|[1][3][5][7]|$ (a) Estimate the chance that the sum of the draws will be more than $1,500 .$ (b) Estimate the chance that there will be fewer than 90$[3]$ 's.

Wendi Obritz

Wendi Obritz   Numerade Educator

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Problem 2

The following list of test scores has an average of 50 and an $S D$ of $10 :$ $\begin{array}{lllllllllll}{39} & {41} & {47} & {58} & {65} & {37} & {37} & {49} & {56} & {59} & {62} & {36} & {48} \\ {52} & {64} & {29} & {44} & {47} & {49} & {52} & {53} & {54} & {72} & {50} & {50}\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Use the normal approximation to estimate the number of scores within }} \\ {1.25 \text { SDs of the average. }} \\ {\text { (b) How many scores really were within } 1.25 \text { SDs of the average? }}\end{array}$

Bryan Luo

Bryan Luo   Numerade Educator

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Problem 3

A box contains $10,000$ tickets: $4,000[0]$ 's and $6,000[11$ 's. And $10,000$ draws will be made at random with replacement from this box. Which of the following best describes the situation, and why? (i) The number of 1 's will be $6,000$ exactly. (ii) The number of $1^{\text { 's }}$ is very likely to equal $6,000,$ but there is also some small chance that it will not be equal to $6,000 .$ (iii) The number of $1^{\prime}$ 's is likely to be different from $6,000,$ but the difference is likely to be small compared to $10,000 .$

Bryan Luo

Bryan Luo   Numerade Educator

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Problem 4

As part of a study on the selection of grand juries in Alameda county, the ed- ucational level of grand jurors was compared with the county distribution: Could a simple random sample of 62 people from the county show a distribu- tion of educational level so different from the county-wide one? Choose one option and explain. $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { (i) This is absolutely impossible. }} \\ {\text { (ii) This is possible, but fantastically unlikely. }} \\ {\text { (iv) This is qossible but unlikely-the chance is around } 1 \% \text { or so. }} \\ {\text { (iv) This is quite possible-the chance is around } 10 \% \text { or so. }} \\ {\text { (v) This is nearly certain. }}\end{array} $$

Heena Haldankar

Heena Haldankar   Numerade Educator

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Problem 5

One hundred draws will be made at random with replacement from the box (a) How small can the sum of the draws be? How large? (b) The sum is between 650 and 750 with a chance of about 1$\% \quad 10 \% \quad 50 \% \quad 90 \% \quad 99 \%$

Bryan Luo

Bryan Luo   Numerade Educator

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Problem 6

The age distribution of people in the U.S. in 2004 is shown below. Draw the histogram. (The class intervals include the left endpoint, not the right; for in- stance, on the second line of the table, 14$\%$ of the people were age 5 years or more but had not yet turned $15 .$ The interval for 475 and over" can be ended at $85 .$ Men and women are combined in the data.) Use your histogram to answer the following questions. $$\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Are there more children age } 1, \text { or elders age } 71 ?} \\ {\text { (b) Are there more } 21-\text { year-olds, or } 61-\text { year-olds? }} \\ {\text { (c) Are there more people age } 0-4, \text { or } 65-69 \text { ? }} \\ {\text { (d) The percentage of people age } 35 \text { and over is around } 25 \%, 50 \%, \text { or } 75 \% ?}\end{array}$$

Heena Haldankar

Heena Haldankar   Numerade Educator

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