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neutralization reactions occur when an equal number of bowls of acid reacts with an equal number of moles of base. Eso. There are a few different circumstances that we'll talk about, um, in regards to neutralization reactions. And so the first circumstance we can have a strong acid reacting with a strong thanks. On this is festival ship by an example, Um, but basically, when you add a strong acid and a strong base together, you'll end up with a solution of about a neutral pH. So about a ph of seven. And usually you will create some kind of salt, um, and water as your product. Let's say you have sodium hydroxide reacting with hydrochloric acid to create sodium chloride and water eso Here, this is, um, a neutralization reaction. Um, which is clear because you have your face and you have your acid, which creates a salt as well as what eso This is one example of a neutralization reaction. So another example is that if we have something like nitric acid reacting with strong sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base, um, as mentioned in the previous video, um Thio yield strong CME nitrate on water. We can see that this is also, um, a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong base. Because again, you have your strong acid, which is nitric acid, as well as your strong base, which is John C. M. Hydroxide. And then for your products, you create a salt as well as water. For my last example, let's say you have something like sulfuric acid and you have this react with barium hydroxide to yield barium sulfate, which precipitates in this reaction as well as's water. So in this case, this is still a neutralization reaction, because again, you have an acid reacting to a base and you're lots with, um assault. In this case, it is a solid, but that doesn't really matter on, and you also have water as one of your products. So these are examples of strong acid and strong based neutralization reactions. So for our next condition, we can also have a strong acid reacting with a weak base. And so, under these conditions, your solution is still acidic. So usually your pH will be less than seven. And for, you know, for me, I'm going to say that this is about son. So examples of strong acids and bases include a reaction between, um a hide rhodium ion with ammonia, which will create on aged four of us, which is ammonium as well, a swear. So in this case, well, we're still producing water as one of the products, but it's also important to note that you produce ammonium, which is actually a weak acid on DSO. This makes sense because resulting reaction should have a more acidic pH, which again makes sense. So if you have something similar, so let's say you have hydrogen in my on we're having with something like a city, which is C two h 302 it has a negative charge. You will also produce a weak acid, which in this case is acetic acid, and you also produce liquid water. So this is also again a neutralization reaction because you produce a salt as well as water for your product, and the resulting reaction is more on the acidic side. So less than a pH of seven, which again makes sense because you indeed produce an acid as one of your products. And for my final example, let's say you again, how the hydrogen ion reacting with something like H s 04 minus. Um, And if you do this, you are a lot with H two s, 04 and water. So again, uh, something that you'll notice is that we're always producing water as one of our products as well, some as well as some kind of salt. In this case, we're actually producing an acid, which is, um, a strong electrolyte. And so, for the specific case, um, reaction actually goes the other way around because the sulfuric acid is a strong acid on DSO. When you're trying to determine the direction of a reaction, usually thief strong acid will be on the left side of the reaction going to the side of the its conjugate base. Or it lies, um, tour the side with the weaker acid on DSO. We'll talk a bit more about this when we talk about equilibrium and things of that sort. But just for this example, let's say that this reaction actually proceeds as written from lots of right. You can still see that this is a neutralization reaction because you have your acid in your face. You're acting together to create these types of products So for the last case, you can have a weak acid reacting with a strong thanks. So for these types of reactions, your resulting solution, um, is usually a bit more basic. Eso basically the opposite of a strong acid and weak based commission. And so an example of this would be if you have a weak acid like acetic acid reacting with a hydroxide, and I on you can't create acetate. We should see two h 30 to minus as well as well. So we see in this case we also produce water as one of our products. But we also produce a week base as seen here, and this makes sense because a week base is still basic. And so the resulting page of the solution is indeed greater than seven or is more on the basic side. And for next example, let's say you have something like H s 04 minus reacting with a hydroxide, and on you will create wow so feet as well as water. So in this case again, we create water as one of our products as well as thes sulfate and on which can be thought of as a week base, which makes sense because it is negatively charged. Just also, another thing given mind when kind of trying to distinguish between acids and bases and so we can see that this has a pH greater in the seventh again because we produce a base on the right side and from our file and say, Well, let's say we have Hydrofluoric acid reacting with hydroxide. And again, it's important to note that this is I felt this. It's important to note that this is a weak acid again, because when Hydrofluoric acid the soc it's in solution, he florid ion interacts strongly with the hydro Nia my on. And so, uh, it acts as a weak acid. And so when you do, this reaction while you're left with is florid as well as water. Um, in some of this case, you have water as one of your products and fluoride, which doesn't really exist as a salt. But we do know, um, that this is basic because again, if you see something with the negative charge, it usually has properties of a base. And so we can see that because we have something that is basic again. The pH should be above seven s so we can see that this is an example of a weak acid reacting with a strong base.
Thermochemistry
Electronic Structure
Periodic Table properties
Chemical Bonding
Molecular Geometry
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