Chemistry 101 Camp

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry deals with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds. Chemistry also involves understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms and molecules for use in larger-scale applications.

In chemistry and physics, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that can be touched are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic particles, and in everyday as well as scientific usage, "matter" generally includes atoms and anything made up of them, and any particles and objects that act as if they have both rest mass and volume. However it does not include massless particles such as photons, or other energy phenomena or waves such as light or sound. Matter exists in various states (known as phases) that are defined by various physical properties, such as state of matter, phase, shape, and density. The Standard Model of particle physics and the general theory of relativity describe fundamental particles and the fundamental forces acting between them that control the structure and dynamics of matter.

In physics, energy is the property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object. Energy is a conserved quantity; the SI unit of energy is the joule (J). Energy can be transformed, not created or destroyed. The laws of thermodynamics state that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it is not possible to create or destroy it. The total energy of a system can be calculated by adding up all forms of energy in the system. The total energy of a system is sometimes called its "energy content". Different forms of energy can be transformed into one another, but it is not possible to create or destroy energy.

In science, a unit is a standard numerical value used to quantify a physical quantity. A unit can be defined by a fundamental physical law or empirical observation and can be expressed as a conventional value of a physical quantity or a rationalized additive constant.

In chemistry, uncertainty is the expected error in a measurement, which is the difference between the value of a measured quantity and the value of the quantity as determined by the measurement process. Uncertainty is usually expressed in terms of standard deviation. Uncertainty can be quantified in several ways: for example, by using statistical methods, or by analyzing the variance of the individual measurements. The term "uncertainty" is also used in science and engineering in a broader sense, to indicate the lack of knowledge of either the value of a quantity or even its existence.

In science, engineering, and statistics, accuracy and precision are distinct concepts. The accuracy of a measurement system is the degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to that quantity's true value, which is a function of the inherent variability of the measurement system. The precision of a measurement system, also called reproducibility or repeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.

The dimensional analysis is a technique for understanding the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their fundamental dimensions (such as length, mass, time, and electric charge) and units of measure (such as miles versus kilometers, or pounds versus kilograms) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed.

In chemistry, the atomic theory is a theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. The word "atom" comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning "indivisible". The word "atom" itself comes from the Greek , "indivisible". The word was coined by the ancient Greeks as a result of their philosophical theories on the nature of the universe. The word "atom" was first used by the early Ionian philosophers, who used the word to describe the smallest unit of matter that cannot be divided into anything smaller. This fundamental concept was further developed in the 6th century BCE by the Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Leucippus, who claimed that atoms were the fundamental constituent of all matter. Leucippus and his student Democritus (c. 460–370 BCE) argued that the fundamental constituents of the world were indivisible atoms which were constantly moving and interacting in empty space until they assembled into the objects we see around us.

In chemistry, an atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers. The word "atom" comes from the Greek (atomos), meaning "indivisible". In the past, the word "atom" was used for the smallest possible division of a substance, which was assumed to be indivisible. As modern chemistry developed, it became apparent that this assumption, while useful in many ways, was incorrect; it was found that atoms can be divided into smaller particles, such as electrons and protons, and that the nucleus of the atom consists of still smaller particles, such as neutrons and protons. The term "atom" is now used for two different concepts: a particle which is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter, and a set of particles which (as a whole) has a unique mass and composition, and which is almost always an electrically neutral system.

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. The table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements, and predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered or synthesized.

In chemistry, an inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. In contrast with organic compounds, which are usually hydrocarbons, and often contain oxygen, inorganic compounds contain mostly carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen along with other elements in quantities that vary from molecule to molecule. Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen are classified as organic compounds.

An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon (such as carbon monoxide and carbon suboxide), cyanides, and acetylides are considered inorganic.

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry deals with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds. Chemistry also involves understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms and molecules for use in larger-scale applications.

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry deals with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds. Chemistry also involves understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms and molecules for use in larger-scale applications.

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry deals with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds. Chemistry also involves understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms and molecules for use in larger-scale applications.

Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry deals with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds. Chemistry also involves understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms and molecules for use in larger-scale applications.