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Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
(II) The HCl molecule has a dipole moment of about $3.4 \times 10 ^ { - 30 } \mathrm { C } \cdot \mathrm { m }$ . The two atoms are separated by about $1.0 \times 10 ^ { - 10 } \mathrm { m }$ (a) What is the net charge on each atom? (b) Is this equal to an integral multiple of $e ?$ If not, explain. (c) What maximum torque would this dipole experience in a $2.5 \times 10 ^ { 4 } \mathrm { N } / \mathrm { C }$ electric field? $( d )$ How much energy would be needed to rotate one molecule $45 ^ { \circ }$ from its equilibrium position of lowest potential energy?