NSG 3600 Exam 3
Elimination: Gastric o Dehydration
o Fluid and Electrolytes
Pathophysiology : Occurs whenever total output of fluid exceeds intake : Clinical Manifestations : Tachycardia - Hypotension - Decreased tears Weight loss Thirst Irritability - Sunken eyes & fontanels Therapeutic Management - Fluid replacement Electrolyte monitoring & replacement - Safety considerations
o Diarrhea o Hirschsprung's Disease
0 Cleft Lip and Palate o Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis etiology: unknown Sign and symptoms: A pattern of normal feeding and vomiting and new onset of nonbilious vomiting. Vomiting usually occurs immediately after a feeding.The infant generally appears hungry right after vomiting. General Information
General Information Infant's have smaller stomach capacities and
empty in about 2-3 hours, which is why they require frequent feeds Liver and pancreas do not mature until about 6 months of age Should not introduce any solids until at least 4months of age Pancreatic lipase does not get adequately secreted until age 1, which means the body can't absorb fats
- Breastfed infants tend to have watery stools while formula fed infants tend to have soft or "seedy" stools. : Toddler's have a decreased appetite and reduced metabolic rate in comparison to infants. Appetite may be sporadic, or they may have food "jags" Pre-schoolers go through fluctuations where they have periods of overeating or refusal to eat. - We should not force a child to eat foods that he
such as those present in cow's milk - Infants should double their birth weight by 6 months and triple by 1 year - When defecating, the infant may appear to be straining because of immature muscle coordination - Children with GI conditions are very susceptible to physical growth & development complications
or she is not interested in, but we should provide a variety of nutritious foods for meals and snacks. : Always use least invasive technique to most invasive when assessing GI on children (think look-listen- feel technique) - Children are ticklish; therefore you may need to palpate through clothing when doing your assessment o Failure to Thrive o Celiac Disease o Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) Urinary Tract Infection o Glomerulonephritis o Nephrotic Syndrome o Enuresis o Increased Intracranial Pressure o Seizures o Encephalitis Spina Bifida o Cerebral Palsy o Abusive Brain Trauma
o Intussusception o Appendicitis o Anorectal Malformations Disease (GERD) o Vesicoureteral Reflux Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome o Renal Failure o Hypospadias & Epispadias Neurological o Meningitis o Reye's Syndrome o Hydrocephalus o Traumatic