Metabolism notes 2 Glycolysis: · Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. . This process produces a net gain of two ATP molecules and NADH. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): . This cycle takes place in the mitochondria and completes the breakdown of glucose-derived pyruvate. . For each cycle turn, it produces three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one ATP molecule. Oxidative Phosphorylation: · The electron transport chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. . High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 move through the ETC, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Anabolism - Protein Synthesis: · In protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides and proteins. . This process requires energy, provided by ATP and GTP, and involves 1
transcription (in the nucleus) and translation (in the cytoplasm). Catabolism- Lipolysis: · Lipolysis is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. · Fatty acids can enter the citric acid cycle, yielding significant energy. 2