Social Deviance
Chapter 5: Crimes of Interpersonal Violence
Chapter Goals
Be able to explain different types of crime Understand dynamics of assault and murder Know what domestic violence involves Understand the complexities of rape as deviance
Crime as Deviance
:Types of Crimes Three categories of criminal activity: a. Common law crimes (conventional or street crime) b. White-collar crimes c. Delinquency (adolescent violations) Types of Crimes: Mala in se crimes are crimes that are bad in themselves Mala prohibita crimes are crimes because the law prohibits them Offenses that only juveniles can commit are often referred to as status offenses
Assault and Murder
National Crime Victimization Survey indicates there was a steady drop in violent crime since 1999 to 2009. The World Health Organization estimates there are 520,000 homicides worldwide in 2000. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) recorded 16,272 murder and non-negligent manslaughters in the U.S. during 2008 Police records indicate there were 834,885 aggravated assaults in 2008. Interaction Between Offender and Victim: Most murders and aggravated assaults represents violent responses to social interactions between one or more parties. More than half of all murderers know their victims. There are higher rates of homicide and assaults on weekends than during the week and generally higher rates during the summer than during the winter. High income inequality can inspire hostility and frustration, as people resent their economic and social positions relative to those of others. The Development of Dangerous Violent Offenders: Four stages of becoming a dangerous violent offender exist: Brutalization, Belligerency. Violent Performances, Virulence.
Domestic Violence
Child abuse
"The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18' Risk factors or family characteristics that contribute to child abuse a. Family size, income, single-parent home, alcohol and drug abuse b. Child sexual abuse involves behaviors such as exhibitionism, fondling of genitals, and mutual masturbation, as well as intercourse Partners (intimate partner violence) Both men and women use physical force at about the same rate Women are more likely than men to receive injuries from abuse that requires medical attention Spouse abuse occurs largely among members of the lower class Older People (Elder abuse) Elderly people sometimes experience abuse in nursing homes or while living with younger family members The rate of abuse occurs in 4 to 6 percent among older people, if physical. psychological, and financial abuse and neglect are included
Rape
Forcible Forcible rape results when one person unlawfully compels another to engage in sexual intercourse against that victim's will Although forcible rape is often underreported due to the humiliation of reporting and the social stigma of being a rape victim Around 89,000 rapes happen per year Patterns of Forcible Rape: a. Rape victims often times know their attacker b. Young men between the ages of 15 and 25 years of age commit the most rapes c. Forcible rape resembles homicide as a predominantly intraracial crime Date (Date Rate) Date rape is a form of rape where the victims of the