Exam 1
Chapters 1 through Chapter 4
Chapter 1
1.
Sociological Imagination
2.
social constructionist
3.
Scientific Method
A. the belief that our ideas about reality are constructed through societal and interpersonal communication. B. a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses C. ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives
1.
(sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group c 1. Mores
2.
social constructionist c Folkways
3.
4. Sociological Imagination norms that are not strictly enforced
2.
1.
Sociological Imagination c Normative deviance
2.
3.
Mores
4.
Folkways
2 True/False questions
1. a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society Law
False
2.
a belief that can guide behavior --> Folkways
False
Chapter 2
1. Individuals are born selfish and self-centered Socialization/ effective child rearing - self-control Weak self-control - deviance Explains the nature of crime Similarities between short term gratification of crime and analogous behaviors. Involvement in crime over life course
2. Swift Certain Severe
3. Contribution to the idea that society causes delinquent behavior Valid premise that is supported by research
4.
Influence of shaming as an informal social control
5 Matching questions
Y. Cohen's status frustration
2.
Sutherland - differential association
3.
Deterrence doctrine
4.
Burgess and Akers - differential reinforcement
5.
Glaser - differential identification
A. Criminal behavior is learned Culturally transmitted A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the violation of law B. Lower class boys encounter status frustration in school (School= middle class) Stasis frustration - deviant subculture
Goal means gap -> status frustration - deviance
Fundamentally the same as Anomie theory C. Influence of rewards and punishments Rewards for deviance - continued deviance Punishments fir deviance - end if didn't behavior
Emphasizes different types of social Learning - classical conditioning - operant c conditioning - imitation/modeling
D. Humans are rational and calculate the costs and benefits of deviant behavior Costs = formal social control (punishment) Benefits = criminal gains E. Differential association = "mechanistic image" of deviance Ignites rule if choice Individuals must identify with deviants
5 Multiple choice questions
1 People are both objects and agents of control Lack of control balances deviant behav