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Pharmacology Final Study Outline
Unit 1-3 (8)
> Understand Ionization and how it pertains to the movement of a drug - Acid to Acid -- less likely to ionize, better to be absorbed (to be transported) (better) Base to Base - less likely to ionize, better to be absorbed (to be transported) (better) > IN OPPOSITE ENVIRONMENT,Drugs are more IONIZED Acid to Base -- more likely to ionize, less likely to absorb (trap by membrane) Base to Acid - more likely to ionize, less likely to absorb (trap)
> Know the difference between potency and efficacy
Efficacy - EFFECTIVE -How effective is the drug at producing a pharmacologic response
Potency - AMOUNT -The amount of the drug necessary to produce a pharmacologic response
> Review Drug Schedule/ prescription writing procedures Schedule I - highest abuse potential dispensed for research only - DEA 222 required ie. LSD, heroin
Schedule II
- high abuse potential - dispensed by written prescription, no refills - DEA 222 required ie. oxymorphone, morphine, pentobarbital, fentanyl
Schedule III
- abuse potential less than II, moderate dispened by written prescription, can refill 5 times - DEA number ie. hycodan, codeine, buprenorphine, ketamine, telazol
Schedule IV
- low abuse potential - dispensed by written prescription, can refill 5 times - DEA number ie. diazepam, butophanol, phenobarbital
Schedule V
- low abuse potential no DEA dispensing limits - DEA number ie. Lomotil
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Class II Drugs
- can only be filled for 30 davs & must have new prescription submitted every 30 days no refills are allowed on original script - DEA Form 222 must be filled out & sent to distributors/manufacturers that wish to purchase
Class III Drugs (3&4 same)
May renew prescriptions for schedule 3&4 after 6 months or 5 refills
Class IV Drug
May renew prescriptions for schedule 3&4 after 6 months or 5 refills *Differ in penalties for illegal possession
> How are drugs named...trade names, generic names etc.
Chemical Name
Describes the exact chemical composition of a drug.
Official Name (=Generic) (Ibuprofen)
Used in the official drug reference, U.S.P (Pharmacopoeia of the United States)
Generic Name (=Official) (Ibuprofen)
For older drugs, this is the name handed down through antiquity. -For newer drugs, it is usually the "code" name given during testing phase that is based upon the chemical name. The naming decision is made by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) committee. The generic name will become official name if drug is included in U.S.P.
Trade Name (Advil)
Copyrighted name whose use is restricted to a single company -Sometimes called the proprietary, product or brand name
> Know the advantages of the major Drug Reference Books
2
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THE PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (U.S.P.) +NATIONAL FORMULARY (N.F.) 1888-1975. NOW COMBINED WITH U.S.P
First published in 1820. -Published every 5 years with supplements as needed. -Single drugs -Full time director, voluntary team of pharmacologists, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, consumer activists
PHYSICIAN'S DESK REFERENCE (P.D.R.)
Manufacturers