Nutrients- provide energy, provide structure, and regulate body processes.
Essential nutrients: our body cannot make them so we need to consume. Ex; vitamin C and D Non-essential nutrients: our bodies can make them from other nutrients, so its not that essential that we consume them.
Nutrient dense- food that has a higher proportion of micronutrients in relation to macronutrients. EX: broccoli, fruits, and veggies.
Fortified foods- nutrients are added to the food, by companies.
Phytochemicals- found in foods from plants. Colored foods help reduce cancer and heart disease.
Zoochemicals- found in foods from animals.
Functional Foods- provide health benefits beyond functions of nutrients. Broccoli prevents cancer, oatmeal lowers cholesterol, and salmon prevents heart disease.
6 classes of nutrients- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids/fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.
Macronutrients- are organic (contain carbon). Carbohydrates (sugar), lipids (fats), and proteins. All three macronutrients can break down into component molecules, all three contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins differs because it contain nitrogen.
Carbohydrates- made up of glucose molecules. Three forms; sugar, starch, and fiber.
Complex carbohydrates= polysaccharides. Simple carbohydrates= disaccharide and monosaccharide.
Monosaccharide ex are glucose and fructose. Disaccharide ex are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Ketones- acidic molecules produced by fat breakdown when carbohydrates are not available for cells. Ketosis- Increased ketones in blood. Ketoacidosis- acidic blood from increased ketones.
Whole grain- contain the whole kernel, including the bran, germ, and endosperm. Refined grain- foods processed to remove course parts such as the bran and germ which removes the fiber and some vitamins and minerals.
Soluble fiber- dissolves in water, partially digested by bacteria in large intestine, helps lower cholesteral. Ex: pectins, gums, and some hemicelluloses.
Insoluble fiber- does not dissolve in water, not digested in bacteria of large intestine. Ex cellulose, some hemicelluloses, and lignin.
primary source being animal protein. Metabolized into taurine and homocysteine. 2) Phenylalanine- found in aspartame. Infants are tested for this at birth. 3) tryptophan- found in high amount of turkey and milk, helps induce sleep.
Fat- where we store vitamins. Solid= saturated fat ex: animal fats. Liquid= unsaturated fats, monounsaturated olive oil, polyunsaturated (trans) baked goods/processed foods.
Healthiest to lest healthy = polyunsaturated (omega-3), monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (omega-6) saturated fats, and tans fats.
Monounsaturated will raise your good cholesterol and lower your bad. Polyunsaturated will lower your bad but doesn't do anything for your good.
LDL VS. HDL
LDL- particles transport cholesterol from the liver to body cells. Work to decrease your blood levels of LDL.
HDL- particles transport cholesterol from body cells to the liver so they can be excreted. Work to increase your blood levels of HDL.
Primary vitamin deficiency- when someone isn't taking in enough vitamins to fit their bodies need.
Secondary vitamin deficiency- when patient isn't taking enough vitamins but there is impaired absorption.
Fat soluble vitamins- A,D,E,K stores in the body and require dietary fat intake for absorption.
Water soluble vitamins-B's and C not stored in the body, needed on a daily basis.
Vitamins do not provide kilocalorie source, but help in the proces