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WC Final Review
Reconstruction Amendments Places in the Constitution that indirectly mention slavery o Article 1 Section - 3/5 clause Article 1 Section 9 External slave trade ended in 1808 Article 4 Section 2 Return slaves to their owners if they escape Amendments 13th -- aboltion of slavery and Congress can enforce it; 1865 14th -- gives citizenship to previous slaves; got rid of 3/5 clause; all men over 21 can vote; no one would pay the debt of the Confederacy or for the loss of slaves; due process to all citizens; 1868 You are a citizen if you are naturalized, or born in the U.S. Brown says this law is political, but not social 15th -- gave previous slaves right to vote; 1970 WEB Du Bois -- "Of the Dawn of Freedom Sociologist and protest leader Inspired by Locke -- your first property is yourself Helped create the NAACP Graduated from Fisk University 1s black man to receive a Ph. D from Harvard Conducted empirical inquiries about conditions of blacks Published first case study of black in the US Only solve the race problem through agitation and protest Clashed with Washington He would only perpetuate the race problem He preached a philosophy of accommodation -- educated in industry so you can get a job Conservative Led founding of the Niagara movement dedicated to attacking Washington's platform The problem of the 20th century is the problem of the color line Relation of the darker and lighter races o This ignited the Civil War Aim of essay - examine what 1861-1872 meant to blacks Slaves posed a problem because northeners didn't know what to do with slaves History of the Freedman's Bureau Attempts to manage fugitive slaves during the war Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Initially intended to support previous slaves after the Civil War Two major problems: 1) what to do with abandoned lands (2) how to handle the logistics of implementing the Bureau throughout the South. 3 important achievements: 1. it relieved many people of physical suffering 2. it returned 7,000 fugitives to farms 3. it inaugurated the crusade of the New England "school ma'am" (women from New England who came to teach in Southern school houses). Bureau workers faced hardships Most successful in establishing Negro schools Least successful in judicial function bc prejudiced against blacks Perpetuated racial inequality by making them serfs Tried to find cases that supported blacks The Veil Blakcs separated from whites by metaphorical viel -- prudced double consciousness or separation from whites, and blacks were forced to see themselves through white America's eyes as well as their own Why Civil War fought -- over slavery, not state's rights End of reconstruction = 1876 with the presidential election of 1876 between Hayes and Tilden -- Hayes won and removed federal troops from former Confederate states and appointed a Southern Democrat to his cabinet
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Plessy vs Ferguson Introduced the phrase separate but equal Segregated rail cars in LA and the lega