Frederica Peal IHP 330-T2849 Professor Thalia Wiliams November 26, 2023 IHP 330 Milestone Two The broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses (CoV) is responsible for a variety of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious conditions including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). The viral condition known as COVID-19 is brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (Bashier, 2020). It was initially discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and it caused a pandemic. Although China was thought to be the third-largest pharmaceutical provider in the world in 2011, the creation and spread of fake drugs have negatively impacted the country's populace (Bashier, 2020). China is facing several new public health issues, including respiratory ailments brought on by the country's pervasive air pollution, hundreds of millions of cigarette smokers, a sizable population, and congested cities (Bashier, 2020). China had difficulties recently, including the 2003 SARS outbreak and the 1.2 million premature deaths in China in 2010 due to air pollution (Bashier, 2020). Cases of pneumonia with an unclear etiology (unknown cause) were discovered in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and reported to the WHO China Country Office on December 31, 2019 (Bashier, 2020). The national authorities in China reported to WHO a total of 44 case-patients with pneumonia of unknown cause between December 31, 2019, and January 3, 2020. There was no identification of the causative agent during the stated period. The National Health Commission China provided
WHO with more comprehensive information on January 11 and 12, 2020, indicating that exposures to the disease occurred in one Wuhan City seafood market. Three known determinants associated with the health of the people in China are inaccurate testing, agricultural environment, and lack of education. For example, according to a short study of 99 cases seen at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China's Dongxihu District, 49 (49%) of the patients had been exposed to the livestock and seafood markets, which are thought to be the epicenter of the outbreak (Bashier, 2020). In addition, While nucleic acid testing is a labor-intensive, slow process that needs specialized equipment and trained experts, a significant fraction of the cases included in their research (37%) were not confirmed by this method. The researchers' capacity to draw inferences from the data and offer solutions to stop future spread globally was hampered by the fact that certain records lacked information for a few crucial factors of interest, including disease severity, comorbid disorders, and exposure associated with Wuhan (Bashier, 2020). According to the case study, the amount of time given between a positive illness test result and notifying the relevant agencies of the positive case can be one of the disparities. For example, Gu et al. (2020) looked at sociodemographic factors and underlying medical conditions linked to COVID-19 outcomes in a cohort study (N = 5698) funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the University of Michigan's