1 Final Project - Milestone One Danielle Doucette Southern New Hampshire University IHP- 330 - Principles of Epidemiology Prof. Monica Vargas January 28th, 2024
2 Health Issue Risk Factors "Covid-19 is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-COV-2 and most often it causes respiratory symptoms that feel much like a cold, the flu or pneumonia," (CDC, 2023). The outbreak began in December of 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. Various risk factors have been identified. Some of these factors include, people with weakened immune systems, diabetes, obesity, heart and lung conditions and people middle aged and older (Mayo Clinic, 2023). There is also evidence that the male sex and certain ethnicities are at a greater risk (Zhang et al., 2022). Mode of Transmission The Covid-19 virus is transmitted via indirect transmission. This can be contact with surfaces or objects used by an infected person (World Health Organization, 2020). When an infected person coughs or sneezes, respiratory droplets are produced. It is when another person comes into close contact with those droplets that they can become infected with the virus. The droplets enter through the mouth, nose and eyes and because the pathogen itself is carried by the droplets this is considered indirect transmission (Merrill, 2021, p.9). The case study mentions that China is the world's most populous country with Incidence and Prevalence From January 31st to February 1st of 2020 there were 2213 new confirmed cases of Covid-19 globally (Bashier et al., 2020). At this time, the global population was 7,821,000,000. In order to calculate the incidence rate we divide the number of new cases by the total population and multiply by 100. (2213/7821000000) x 100 = 0.0000282%
3 On February 1st 2020 there were a total of 12,131 confirmed cases of Covid-19 globally (Bashier et al., 2020). In order to find the prevalence rate we divide the number of existing cases by the population at risk and multiply by 100. (12,131/7821000000) x 100 = 0.000155% Mortality On January 31st the number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 was 9918. Of those 9918 people, 259 people had died as of January 31st, 2020. To calculate the mortality rate we divide the number of Covid deaths by the total number of confirmed cases and multiple by 100. (259/9918) x 100 = 2.61% Odds Ratio To calculate the odds ratio with the above information, we can use the following formula: Divide: Odds of exposure = 259/9918 = 0.026 By: Odds of exposure in controls = (7821000000 - 259)/(7821000000 - 9918) = 1 0.026/1 = 0.026