HPV is short for human papillomavirus. HPVs are a group of more than 150 related viruses. Each HPV virus is given a number, which is called an HPV type. HPVs are called papillomaviruses because some HPV types cause papillomas (warts), which are non- cancerous tumors. Based on the researchers Chen et al (2021) used an experimental research design, which they randomly assigned the participants to one of the eight experimental conditions and compared their outcomes', Enerly et al. (2019) used an observational research design, as they observed the natural occurrence of HPV types among vaccinated and unvaccinated girls in Norway. How many adult females with history of partial HPV vaccination may have lower risk of HPV related cancers than unvaccinated females? Would adult females have a higher risk than fully vaccinated females and is this evidence conclusive to the research determined? The optimal number and timing of HPV vaccine doses, and the long-term effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccination much research is still needed to determine its long-term effectiveness. Jiang S, Wang P, Liu PL, Ngien A, Wu X. Social Media Communication about HPV Vaccine in China: A Study Using Topic Modeling and Survey. Health Commun. 2023 May;38(5):935-946. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1983338. Epub 2021 Sep 24. PMID: 34555993. Enerly E, Flingtorp R, Christiansen IK, Campbell S, Hansen M, Myklebust TÃ…, et al. (2019) An observational study comparing HPV prevalence and type distribution between HPV-vaccinated and -unvaccinated girls after introduction of school-based HPV vaccination in Norway. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223612 PMID: 3160034