IHP-330 4-3 Final Project Milestone Two
Alexis Parsons
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-330 -- Principles of Epidemiology
Professor Ashley Ithal
June 1,2021
Population
The residents of Tobago and Trinidad entered a study from 1988-1997. This study was
done to screen the residents for certain types of infectious diseases like Typhimurium, Enteritidis
and other types of Salmonella infections. The study concluded that there was no difference in
age, gender or residency of the people who became ill with salmonella. The residents of Tobago
and Trinidad were being infected as well as the tourists who visited. When the infection rates
started to rise, something needed to be done to find out where this infection originated.
Social and behavioral determinants strongly associated with this public health issue
include location, training and society. Location is important because in Tobago and Trinidad
there were 10 farms that were supplying eggs. Of these 10 farms, six of them were deemed not
hygienic and not safe. These farms had no microbial surveillance to ensure the safety of the eggs
that were being distributed to the residents. Training is important because if people do not have
proper training on hygiene and about ways infections spread then they will not know the steps to
prevent disease. This is critical to prevent the spread of Salmonella and reduce the incidence of
infection. Society is important because they are the people preparing the foods that will be eaten.
Disparities associated with the health of this specific population include the farmers who
are supervising the farms, no safety measures, and the length of time it takes for a disease to be
reported. The farmers who were supervising the farms clearly did not have the best interest of
their community in mind. They were more concerned with making money for their farm rather
than the health of their community. The farmers should have taken their time with ensuring theii
flocks were not infected before selling the eggs to the consumers. If there were safety measures
put into place, then maybe the Salmonella eggs wouldn't have been sold. The length of time it
took for the disease to be reported to the Caribbean was about 56 days. Due to theses disparities.
more people are being exposed to salmonella and becoming ill.
The social and behavioral determinants relate to the disparities that have been identified.
The social determinants include poor hygiene by the people preparing the foods and the farmers.
The residents and tourists were becoming infected with Salmonella infection because the people
preparing the foods were not properly trained in infection control. The biggest concern is that
people are not educated enough on the prevention of infection
In conclusion, Salmonella is a very infectious disease that can be easily prevented. I
learned that proper sanitation and proper cooking are very important preventive measures for
contracting salmonella. The infections in Tobago and Trinidad were caused because there weren't
any preventative measures put in place. If each one of the farms had safety measures put