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IHP 501 Module Three Project Preparation Worksheet
Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. If needed, you can expand the outline to itemize your responses underneath the indicated topics.
1. Health Challenge Analysis
A. Clinical Presentation: [Malaria is the leading cause of death and poverty in underdeveloped countries today. According to the World Health Organization, the mosquito-borne infection infects 500 million people every year, killing more than a million a year. Most deaths include women and children in the Sub-Sahara area.] B. Prevalence i. Populations at Risk: [18,383,956] ii. Morbidity and Mortality: [Confirmed cases of 5,193,723 and up to 1209 deaths] iii. Prevalent Trends: [The national infection rate in children under five years of age had decreased from 22% in 2006 to 9 % in 2018. 80% of households in 2018 owned at least one insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN), an increase from 38% in 2006.] C. Inequities i. Socioeconomic Groups: [Poor economic standards result in a lack of poor-quality healthcare facilities, thus increasing more vulnerability to the population.] ii. Race/Ethnicity: [Manggarai, Atoni, and Sumba ethnicities] iii. Gender: [Children male and female and pregnant women] iv. Other: [Countries with better healthcare have more of a fighting chance to catch malaria as well as better living conditions.] 2. Other Determinants of Health
A. Environmental: [Climate factors, such as temperature and precipitation, are primary factors of malaria. The temperature impacts parasite development.] Biological: [Human malaria infection is initiated when a female anopheline mosquito injects Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin during a blood meal. Sporozoites actively reach peripheral circulation and migrate to the liver whitherever replicate within hepatocytes forming merozoites that are released into the bloodstream. Merozoites invade red blood cells (RBCs) and develop through the g. trophozoite, and schizont stages before forming new merozoites that are released at schizont egress and reinvade new RBCs. the salivary glands for transmission into another host (Meibalan E, Marti M. Biology of Malaria Transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):a025452. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025452. PMID: 27836912; PMCID: PMC5334247)
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3. Policy Evaluation: [The CDC has implemented what is called malaria control which is to reduce the number of malaria-related cases and deaths.]
References
Meibalan E, Marti M. Biology of Malaria Transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):a025452. doi 10.1101/cshperspect.a025452. PMID: 27836912; PMCID: PMC5334247.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, July 23). CDC - Malaria - malaria worldwide - how can malaria cases and deaths be reduced? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/index.html
Castro MC. Malaria Transmission and Prospects for Malaria Eradication: The Role of the Environment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017 Oct 3;7(10):a025601. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025601. PMID: 28490534; PMCID: PMC5629986.
Oyegoke OO, Akoniyon OP, Ogunsakin RE, Ogunlana MO, Adeleke MA, Maharaj R, Okpeku M. A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Malaria Test Positivity Outcomes and Programme Interventions in Low Transmission Settings in Southern Africa, 2000- 2021. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 1;19(11):6776. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116776. PMID: 35682356; PMCID: PMC9180605