FORS2355 Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide
Lecture Exam Date: November 1, 2021
Lectures 11-20 something
Lecture 11
1. What are the 3 extant lineages of amphibians? 2. What are some characteristics of amphibian's skin? 3. What are the hearing organs in amphibians and what frequencies can they hear? 4. Explain this form of locomotion:
5. Where is the greatest diversity of salamanders located? Define and explain (give examples) Paedomorphosis. What are some aspects of salamander reproduction? 8. What do male salamanders with no external sex organs deposit? 9. Define Viviparity; what are the characteristics of Plethodontid salamanders? 10. Define "dear enemy recognition" 11. Characteristics of frogs and toads 12. Draw and label the limb length comparison graph 13. What is the difference between short-legged hoppers and long-legged jumpers when it comes to predation? 14. Feeding strategies for aquatic vs semiaquatic frogs and toads 15. Define explosive breeding 16. Define prolonged breeding 17. What are some characteristics of frogs/toads for reproduction?
Lecture 12
18. What are the 2 aquatic systems that tadpoles have adapted to? 19. What percent of a tadpole's biomass is its digestive tract? 20. Label
1mm
21. Label these types of branchial baskets:
B
Branchial basket of tadpoles with diet (consumes large food items)
Branchial basket of tadpoles with diet (consumes small food items)
22. Explain the foraging rate-predation risk tradeoff for tadpoles. 23. Define Phenotype 24. Define Plasticity 25. Define Phenotypic plasticity 26. Tadpoles can change phenotype depending on what in breeding ponds? 27. What are the characteristics of tadpoles when bluegill are present compared to when beetles are? 28. Define community 29. Define species assemblage 30. Label and draw and explain the hydroperiod gradient. 31. Know how to label this diagram:
Periodic drying
Invertebrate top predators
Very active, rapidly developing prey
active prey
Small, inactive prey
Habitats with fish
Permanence transition
Predator transition
Gradient from small ephemeral ponds to large permanent lakes
32. Larval amphibian species richness tends to be highest in aquatic habitats that are what?
Lecture 13
33. Explain the whole pond manipulation experiment? 34. Explain this diagram.
Simplified food webs in fishless ponds Arrows=direct negative effects of species on one another Either predation or competition Width of arrow =stronger negative relationship
INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS
BULLFROG
Bullfrog tadpoles more active than GF BUT bullfrog tadpoles more prone to predation because of not effective against invertebrate predators and eliminates bullfrog tadpoles from fishless ponds under natural conditions
35. Explain this diagram:
Simplified food webs in fish ponds
Fish from pond via predation "Remove major predator on bullfrog tadpoles of bullfrog tadpoles reduce predation by fish GF tadpoles have low activity
INVERTEBBATE
BUT Bullfrog tadpoles have higher activicy and are better competitors >GF tadpoles less abundant in fish pond