Thursday, April 28, 2016
BIOL 1402
Ch. 22: The Respiratory System
- 90% of human shit is bacteria which live in your intestine
- Q1: How do they (bacteria) evade our immune system?
- A1: Colon Cancer
- Q2: Why not flush them?
- A2: They give us enzymes to digest our food
- Diarrhea is due to unhappy bacteria
- Cholera= massive diarrhea disease that many people who live in areas with bad water die from
- Q3: Why don't they take all the energy?
- A3: Your digestive tract is anaerobic
- Moral: Oxogen Matters
- Oxogen is what allows us to derive energy from food
I. Types of Tricks for gas exchange (oxogen and carbon dioxide)
- Fish use gills to extract oxogen from water
- Operculum= flap that covers and protects the gills *
- Gills are divided into gill filaments (fingers); like shag carpe
- Gill capillaries use a trick called counter-current flow
- Land Vertebrates: Use lungs (not gills) to breathe air; tidal ventilation
- you= tidal ventilation; problem of mixing good (fresh) and bad (stale) air, solution: none except breathe deeply (amphibians, reptiles, mammals)
- Birds use new trick: Air sacks that allow one-way flow
- Birds need lots of O2 so must be more efficient
I1. Anatomy of human respiratory tract
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Thursday, April 28, 2016
1) Moisten Air (Lubbock is very dry)
- 2) Goes into the pharynx (tube)
malfunctions if you're drunk (blackout)
- 4) Larynx: vocal box/ vocal chords that vibrates air
- 5) Trachea: wind pip that has hoops made of cartilage that looks like the inter- vertebral discs/ cushions; reinforce tube
- 6)Bronchi: branches off the trachea that lead to:
- 7) Broncheoles
- 8) Alveoli: Sacks where gas exchange occurs
III. Breathing= Ventilation Problem at night: asleep
- Solution: Medulla/ oscillator= refulates the rate of breathing at night*
- Diaphragm: muscle beneath lungs that is shaped like dome
Hiccups= spasm of diaphragm
- To stop hiccups, cut the nerve of the diaphragm